to the Cultivation of the Land. 
195 
quired for any length of furrow is the shortest possible. The 
grooved drum with vertical axis is placed underneath the boiler, by 
means of a wonderfully light bracket framing, and is driven by 
toothed gearing and an upright shaft from the engine crank-shaft. 
There are also two pulleys, one at each end of the boiler ; and 
the rope is so led round the drum and pulleys as to make two 
three-quarter turns round the drum ; which is found to be quite 
sufficient to prevent the rope slipping though pulling with the 
whole force of a ten or twelve-horse engine. In case of the imple- 
ment striking upon a rock, or other firm obstacle, however, the 
rope will slip in the grooves, and thus prevent breakage. The 
whole additional weight to the engine is only about 15 cwt. 
The plough consists of two sets of plough-bodies attached to a 
long beam-frame, the set at one end pointing towards the set at 
the other end, and all balanced upon a central axletree and pair 
of large wheels. The ploughman rides upon the tail of the im- 
plement, steering accurately by altering the "lock" of the main 
wheels with a worm-and-rack motion. On arriving at the end of 
the furrow, the implement is made ready for the back journey, 
without being turned round, simply by pulling down the end of 
the frame which was in the air, and then directing the course of 
the plough into the next line of work. The wooden beams are 
so made as to be adjusted to any breadth of furrow, and the 
ploughs on either side can be raised or lowered at pleasure. For 
subsoil trenching the Cotgreave irons are added, which bring up 
the subsoil and lay it upon the furrow-slice. The same imple- 
ment serves as a scarifier, by removing the ploughs and attaching 
a light frame to the beams, fitted with grubbing-tines. Also by 
taking off the breasts from the plough, leaving the ploughshares 
on, and adding a short blunt breast (or sham mould-board) to 
each share, and setting the coulter to cut the middle of the 
furrow-slice, a wonderfully effective scarifier is made. The whole 
of the land is cut with a perfectly level bottom, and the broken 
soil is lifted and lightened up in the best manner possible. Mr. 
Fowler has also a lighter and cheaper form of cultivator, not 
balanced or double-acting, but made to turn round at the ends of 
the field, this action being accomplished by the pulling of the 
rope, though by a different contrivance from that known as the 
Woolston " turning-bow." The implements carry a short reserve 
of rope, and means of adjusting the quantity of rope to any varying 
length of furrow. The engine is fitted with a pitch-chain and 
the requisite gear (Mr. Williams's patent) for propelling itself 
from field to field, or along common roads, witli only one or two 
horses in the shafts to steer ; and on hilly farms the liind axle can 
be raised or lowered, to preserve the level of the boiler. 
The prices range as follows : — 
O 2 
