to the Cultivation of the Land, 197 
together along the headland opposite to the ploughing. He lias 
also patented the very simple contrivance of a pitch-chain wheel- 
and-pinion, for making engines self-propelling. His implements 
consist of ploughs or of grubber-tines, suspended with inde- 
pendent lever motion in frames upon wheols, and have proved 
themselves to be very effective. Mr. Williams's hilly farm is 
being remodelled, fences straightened, water-tanks constructed, 
woods grubbed up, t*cc., so as to adapt it in every way to the new 
motive power, and facilitate every operation of the steam-engine 
in the field. For several years past he has ploughed, scarified, 
(Src., with the engines used for thrashing ; and he also cm- 
ploys the steam windlass in felling timber, extracting tree-roots, 
and displacing boulders and rocks with great power and expe- 
dition. 
The apparatus of Mr. Smith, of Woolston, Bucks, as manu- 
factured by Messrs. J. and F. Howard, of Bedford, consists of 
an engine, separate windlass upon travelling wheels, anchors, 
snatch-blocks, ropes, rollers, cultivators of different sizes, a 
double-breasted trench-plough, and subsoiler. 
I need not enter here into a description of the mode of laying 
out the ropes, alternately winding up one and paying out the 
other, the method of steering the implement and turning it 
at the ends of the work, removin"- and setlin;; down the 
anchors, &c. 
The ropes inclose the land to be scuffled or " smashed up," not 
quite rectangularly, however, but passing round two fixed and 
two moveable snatch-blocks, so arranged as to cut off one corner 
of the plot.* The hands required are — one engineer, one wind- 
lass-man, one ploughman, two anchor-men, and one boy to shift 
the rollers. The windlass is driven with a belt by any common 
portable engine of seven-horse, eight-horse, or greater power. 
The price is — 
Eight-horse (single cylinder) engine, windlass, 8 £ s. d. 
iron anchors, 2 wood anchors, G snatch-blocks, 
30 rollers, 3 wood levers, 2 beetles, and 2 crow- 
bars 340 0 0 
1400 yards of steel rope GO 0 0 
No. 3 implement !(> 0 0 
Turning-bow 21 0 0 
437 0 0 
Additional charges are made for a wider grubber and for a very 
effective trenching implement. 
• See engraving in the Report on the Implements at Chester, Journal, vol. 
xix., p. 327. 
