to the Cultivation of the Land. 
201 
Underground watering crops at the rate of 3000 gallons ])er 
acre, and 60 acres per day or night, or doable this quantity il" 
done by night and day. Is. per acre. 
Surface water (with hoes following), \s. 2fL per acre. 
Carriage of manures on to and distributed over land, and ol 
crops carried off, also carriage of marl, clay, sand, &c., ^d. per 
ton per mile. 
The amount that can be carted at a time, for either water or 
manures, &c., 70 tons. 
Deep cultivation, to the depth of 25 in. (explained below), 
12.?. per acre. 
The operation of " underground watering " consists in supply- 
ing to the roots of the crops, while at the same time the ground 
is stirred and hoed, water (or liquid manure), by drawing hollow 
bars or coulters between the rows of the plants, at the bottom 
of which the liquid escapes at any desired depth. By this means 
the fluid is economised on account of the evaporation from the 
surface being prevented ; and it does not cake the soil, which 
agriculturists object to as the result of the usual practice of 
watering ; nor draw the roots to the surface in search of the 
moisture, afterwards to be injured by the parching of the ground. 
Tiiis operation has the warm approval of all the market gar- 
deners who have seen it. 
The deep cultivation was performed, by first using six 
ploughs, cutting six furrows simultaneously of five inches depth ; 
then ploughing again to a further depth of five inches ; and at 
fifteen inches below, through the subsoil of a hard yellow clay, 
an anchor was drawn, with a palm of nine inches width ; thus 
ploughing and breaking up the ground to a depth of 25 inches. 
This is a depth of cultivation sometimes attained by market 
gardeners by trenching, and would cost 10/. or 12/. per acre. 
This advanced mode of steam husbandry is likely to have a 
trial on a scale of sufficient magnitude : meanwhile I can only 
refer to a proposition for the expenditure of 20/. per acre in rails 
above ground, after an outlay of several pounds per acre In drain- 
pipes below, as the greatest step yet taken towards exalting the 
larm into a manufactory, with a marvellous increase of its pro- 
ductive capability, and a hitherto unknown sureness and cer- 
tainty of crops. 
Locomotives for Farms and Common Koads. 
The liistory of locomotive steam-engines for travelling on 
common roads would prove too voluminous a topic for these 
pages ; but as many minds are now busy in solving the problem 
how to make the farmer's engine almost, if not altogether, inde- 
pendent of his team for journeying with its tilling-machinery 
