to tke Cultivation of the Land. 
205 
In a letter to the Mark Lane Express of September 6th, 1858, 
Mr. Williams says: "On going; to Mr. Owen's to work on 
his farm, two of my engines, with one horse in the shafts of 
each to steer, propelled themselves, and each took a ploughing- 
machine and a cultivator behind tliem, and the 7-horse one a 
small waggon in addition — two regular trains, Mr. Owen helping 
them up a steep hill near his house with two horses each; when, 
after ploughing for him and an adjoining farmer, the two horses 
and en'1-ines broujht the whole of the tackle home, a distance in 
tlie whole of 20 miles!" In another letter of November 22nd, 
1858, he writes : " 1 have three steam-engines of my own, and I 
liave made them all locomotive. One of my engines has travelled 
not less than 160 miles on Her Majesty's highway ; the second 
has moved over 100 miles of the same, and the third has re- 
joiced in moving about my own parish We have 
passed hundreds of horses on the road, and never met with but 
one restive one, the greater part of them taking no notice of the 
engine at all Horses have to pass the railway trains, 
and often wait at the gates whilst the engines are passing by : 
there is no doubt they will have to pass many an engine on tiie 
road, and the sooner they are broken in to it the better." 
Mr. Williams's engines are Clayton and Shuttleworth's patent 
portable, with ordinary tubular boilers ; and, notwithstanding all 
their up-hill and down-hill journeyings, he says that they have never 
yet leaked. It has been the practice to stop awhile before descend- 
ing a hill, and pump an excess of water into the boiler, so that the 
fire-box top may not be exposed to the action of the flame with- 
out being in contact with water; and the consequent priming is 
not found to do any injury. It should be noted that these are 
single-cylinder engines, and that the difficulty of starting when 
the crank is at its dead pull is overcome by the horse applying 
his whole strength just for an instant. 
Messrs. Garrett and Sons, of Saxmundham, Suffolk, showed 
at the Chester Meeting a double-cylinder 12-horse power portable 
engine, which drives one of its carriage-wheels by means of an 
endless pitch-chain, and is steered by a horse in shafts. It is 
also fitted with a break — an indispensable accessory, unless the 
engine be constructed with reversing-gear. There is a water- 
tank beneath the boiler, and a stage for coal and to serve 
for the driver's standing-place. Messrs. Garrett state that the 
self-propelling gear is intended to act as an auxiliary rather than 
to supersede the use of horses altogether for the purpose of 
transport ; and that where it has been already employed lor con- 
veying engines and drawing machines let on hire from farm to 
farm, it has been found to be economical and to answer well. 
Tlieir charge for this addition to an engine is 5/. per horse power. 
