on Permanent Meadow Land. 
249 
proportion on the unmanured plot. The comparison of the figures 
in the column relating to any particular manured plot, with those 
relating to the unmanured, thus shows at once, the deviation from: 
the standard result which is induced by the manure in question, 
both as regards the order as to quantity, and the actual numerical 
proportion, in which the different descriptions of herbage were 
found to be developed. 
In addition to the above explanation, it will be an useful further 
preliminary to the discussion of the effects of the different 
manures, to make a few remarks on the general character of the 
herbage of the experimental meadow. 
In the third season (1858), to which our Table of separations 
refers, there was no Dacti/lis (jlomerata (Rough Cock's-foot), no- 
Poa pratensis (Smooth-stalked Meadow-grass), no Bromus mollis 
(Soft Brome-grass), and no Avena pratensis (Meadow Oat-grass), 
detected in the produce of the unmanured plot. The Rough 
Cock's-foot and Smooth-stalked Meadow-grass occurred, how- 
ever, on some of the manured plots ; and each in large proportion 
under certain conditions of manuring. But the Soft Brome-grass, 
and Meadow Oat-grass, occurred in very few cases at all, and 
then in very small quantity. There was, too, a striking absence, 
on all the plots, of several esteemed permanent meadow-grasses. 
Thus Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow Foxtail), Festuca pratense 
(Meadow Fescue), P. duriuscula (Hard Fescue), Fhleum pratense 
(Meadow Cat's-tail); and Poa triviaUs (Rough-stalked Meadow- 
grass), were not found in our list at all in the third season, 
1858. The Meadow Fox-tail, the Meadow Cat's-tail, and a 
Fescue-grass were, however, each observed on one or more of 
the plots in 1857. 
Attention may now be directed to the comparative develop- 
ment of each of the plants according to the manure employed,, 
taking each seriatim, in the order in which it predominated on 
the unmanured land. A short statement of the reputed characters 
of each, as to its adaptation to local conditions, and as to its 
recognised agricultural value, will, at the same time, be given.* 
The comparative development of the different Graminaceous 
plants will be first considered. The records relating to these are 
given in the two upper Divisions of the Table (IX.) ; those in 
the first refer to the plants in culm, and those in the second to 
the leafi/ and indeterminate Graminaceous produce. 
* See on these points, Lawson's ' Synopsis of Vegetable Products,' &c. ; 
Bravender's 'Prize Report,' Journal of the Koyal Agricultural Society of Eng- 
land, vol. v., part ii. ; Professor Buckman's Papers, Journal of the Koyal Agri- 
cultural Society of England, vol. xv., p. 462, vol. xvii., p. 162, and vol. xvii. 
p. 613: Donaldson 'On Manures and Grasses;' and Morton's 'Cyclopaedia of 
Agriculture.' 
