260 Report of Experiments with different Manures 
grown by farm-yard manure. In these, however, its proportion 
was very considerable, amounting to about 15 per cent, of the 
whole where the farm-yard manure was used alone, but to only 
10 per cent, where the farm-yard manure and ammoniacal salts 
were used together. From our records relating to the produce 
of the second season, it appears that this Smooth-stalked Meadow- 
grass was detected on more of the plots in that season than in 
the third. Still, even then, it was found in very much larger 
proportion in the produce grown by farm-yard manure than in 
that by any of the other manures. This very marked develop- 
ment almost exclusively by farm-yard manure might lead to the 
conclusion, that part of the result was due to seed brought upon 
the land by the dung. But that the character of the manure, as 
such, had much to do with the effect, would seem from the fact, 
that the proportion of the Smooth-stalked Meadow-grass was 
considerably reduced when ammoniacal salts were used in addi- 
tion to farm-yard manure. 
It would appear that the Smooth-stalked Meadow-grass is par- 
ticular in the choice of manure as well as situation, and that 
artificial nitrogenous manures are either directly obnoxious to it, 
or cause it to be pushed out by those grasses whose luxuriance 
is greatly stimulated by such manures. Nor was this Poa per- 
ceptibly favoured in its growth by purely mineral manures. It 
might be supposed, therefore, that the carbonaceous organic 
matter of the farm-yard manure had something to do with the 
greatly increased development of the plant under the influence 
of that manure. This greatly increased development of the 
Smooth-slalked Meadow-grass under the influence of farm-yard 
manure appeared to be chiefly at the cost of the Woolly soft-grass 
— an exchange not at all to be regretted. The Oat-like grass is 
another grass much more valuable than the Woolly soft-grass, the 
proportion of which was much increased by farm-yard manure. 
This manure was seen, therefore, to develop two better grasses at 
the expense of a worse one. But it is to be regretted, that so 
useful a grass as the Smooth-stalked Meadow-grass should appear 
to be so nearly excluded under the influence of those so-called 
artificial manures, which are practically the most useful in in- 
creasing the produce of Graminaceous hay. 
10. — Bromus mollis — Soft or Doivny Brome-Grass. 
This grass is described as a common weed in grass-land, the 
seed of which should be carefully excluded when sowing down. 
It is said to be innutritious, and even injurious to some animals. 
It flowers early in the season, but, after cutting, often seeds in 
the after-grass. It is found most in poor exhausted pastures. 
With such characters as are here given to this grnss, it is not 
