Drainage of Land. 
293 
absorbent demands of the clays, a large proportion of any suc- 
ceeding rain was immediately discharged by the underdrains. 
There was a fall of rain at Hinxworth in October, 1856, of 
1-645, and in November of 1-630, equal together to a supply to 
the soil of 74,087 gallons, or 330 tons of water per acre. The 
drains just began to trickle on the 27th of November, after a 
fall of half an inch of rain (-540). The test holes in the land 
showed that the soil was rapidly feeding itself and that the water 
level was rising, but had not reached the level of the drains. On 
the 12th December, the outlets were running 160 gallons per 
diem per acre after frequent rains in the early part of the month 
of less than a tenth of an inch per diem. On the 13th, the rain- 
gauge showed a fall of -452 (nearly half an inch), and the outlets 
increased their discharge from 160 gallons to 975 gallons per 
diem per acre. On the 9th January, 1857, the outlets were 
running 125 gallons per diem. On the 10th, the rain-gauge 
showed a fall of '542 (rather more than half an inch), and the 
dischara:e from the outlets was increased from 125 gallons to 
5,150 gallons per diem per acre. How important are these facts 
in considering the effect of extended under-drainage on the 
arterial channels of the country ! 
rV. Height of standing water in the Soil before and 
AFTER Drainage. — The effect of the different modes of draining 
in lowering the water-level in each descriprlon of soil is shown 
by the height of the water standing in the lest holes (dug midway 
between the drains), at columns 4, 5, 12, and 13. 
V. Temperature. — The temperature of the air above and 
of the soil below the surface, before and after drainage, is shown 
in the last 6 columns, and a remarkable proof of the influence and 
penetration of atmospheric changes through the soil to the depth 
of drains is to be seen in the fact, that all the outlets discharged 
an increased quantity of water on the 6th of March and 22nd of 
April, without any fall of rain on the surface, it being observed 
on each occasion that a very considerable fall of the barometer 
had taken place within the previous twenty-four hours. 
Concluding Observations. — The drainage of Hinxworth, com- 
menced in 1856, was brought to a close early in 1858. The 
heaviest portion, 300 acres of the gault clay, was taken early 
in hand, and has been up to this time held, by Mr. Clutterbuck 
himself. During this comparatively short period the homestead 
has been remodelled, convenient roads of burnt clay-ballast have 
been made, and the old high-backed lands (the custom of the 
country) have been reduced to an even surface, without water- 
