328 Report on the Exhihition of Live Stock at Waricick. 
Of the Warwick show it may be summarily saici, that its 
results even surpassed in importance those of the Chester 
meeting. Of either, however, it may yet be said by the stranger 
visiting these displays of our produce, " What means this 
diversity of colour and character in the varied cattle classes? this 
dissimilarity of sheep ? this inequality of size in swine ? this vary- 
ing character in horses ? " Let us reply, " Animals of different size 
and quality are required for the varied purposes of our agricul- 
ture." It may, however, then be asked, " What are the distinc- 
tive properties and uses of Short-horns, Herefords, and Devons ? 
what of long or short wooUed sheep? of large or small breed 
pigs? and what are the points of excellence that guide the 
.Judges in making their award ? " These questions open up 
important ground for consideration when reviewing the " Esta- 
blished Breeds " as they occur in the Society's programme. 
Established Breeds of Cattle. 
Short-HORXS. — The term " short-horn " formerly embraced 
every denomination of the race, from the commonest mongrel up 
to the cultivated animal. The common short-horn was by nature 
an animal of low standing, of coarse quality, requiring a good 
climate, a generous soil, and liberal treatment. These were 
reared for the uses of the dairy, and were truly designated " good 
milkers." They are still bred for the Midland and Western 
dairies, and still present a rugged form, and can claim no cha- 
racter for early maturity. Such is the short-horn dairy cow, and 
such her small pretension to appear in a show-yard before judges 
in search of symmetry. Tlie " Improved Sliort-horn " is an 
p.nimal produced b\' cultivating the best races from the earliest 
times, with a view to produce a ponderous form for meat-making 
purposes — milk being a secondary object. It is produced only 
by eminent breeders, who possess that valuable mental quality — 
the power of accurate observation. Tliis, together with sound 
judgment, decision, perseverance, and self-reliance, are essential 
to success in such a course. It has been the object of the im- 
proved short-horn breeder to produce males for the correction of 
the multitude of inferior short-horns scattered over our Midland 
and Northern counties. Bulls of this breed have also been 
sought for crossing both Scotch and Irish cattle, and they have 
lieen sent in ccmsiderable numbers for a similar purpose to the 
Continent, to America, and to the English colonies. Notwith- 
standing so large an exportation they still increase in numbers 
with us, and herd-book stories are springing up in every direc- 
tion. When brought into severe competition, however, none but 
the best bred ones can win. The uses of the improved short- 
horn are familiar to all jnoducers of green food and feeders in 
