On Pulping Roots for Cattle Food. 
455 
his lad now pulp all the food required for these bullocks. This 
thorough incorporation of the roots with the chaff has been so 
successful with the bullocks, that we are desirous of adopting it 
for the fatting and store sheep, and for the ewes while at home for 
the yeaning ; and as we get the steam up every week during the 
fatting season for threshing, chaff-cutting, and other purposes, we 
have obtained from Mr. Bentall a more capacious machine, to 
which we have attached a strap from the shaft of the engine. 
This enables us to pulp roots in any quantity in the course of 
the day, at so small an expenditure of power as not to interfere 
sensibly with any other simultaneous operations. We have not had 
any opportunity of trying, nor of seeing in work, any other pulper 
than IBentaU's ; there may therefore have been others introduced 
of equal or superior merit : indeed, in the Warwick catalogue, 
Messrs. Wood and Son introduced Mr. Phillips' pulper (to which 
we have adverted) in these terms, — " This implement is now 
perfected, being the Champion of England nevertheless, the 
last prize given by the Society was at the Chester Meeting, and 
that was awarded to Mr. Bentall. 
We find that, taking a score of bullocks together fattening, 
they consume per head per diem 3 bushels of chaff mixed with 
just half a hundredweight of pulped roots, exclusive of cake or 
corn ; that is to say, rather more than 2 bushels of chaff are 
mixed with the roots, and given at two feeds, morning and 
evening, and the remainder is given with the cake, &c., at the 
middle-day feed, thus : — We use the steaming apparatus of 
Stanley, of Peterborough, consisting of a boiler in the centre, in 
which the steam is generated, and which is connected by a pipe 
on the left hand with a large galvanized iron receptacle for 
steaming food for pigs, and on the right with a large wooden tub 
lined with copper — in which the cake, mixed with water, is made 
into a thick soup. Adjoining this is a slate tank of sufficient 
size to contain one feed for the entire lot of bullocks feeding. 
Into this tank is laid chaff, about one foot deep, upon which a 
few ladles of soup are thrown in a boiling state ; this is thoroughly 
mixed with the chaff with a 3-grained fork, and pressed down 
firm ; and this process is repeated until the slate tank is full, 
when it is covered down for an hour or two before feeding-time. 
The soup is then found entirely absorbed by the chaff, which 
has become softened, and prepared for ready digestion. 
We continue the use of rape-cake as the most economical food, 
notwithstanding all that has been said and written against it. 
There is doubtless more or less mustard-seed often grown with 
the foreign rape-seed. The essential oil generated from the 
former by the chemical action hereafter explained would be 
injurious to animals ; but we have found this adulteration to be 
