foi- Consumption in the Metropolis. 481 
" District " Bullock Supplies. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1858. 
1859. 
Northern Districts 
59,740 
53,400 
61 ,660 
81,600 
71,260 
68,470 
Eastern Districts .. .. 
57,300 
64,080 
56,700 
67,500 
73,860 
71,060 
Other parts of England 
33,200 
24,580 
34,550 
29,860 
28,380 
42,310 
12,970 
12,820 
12,742 
10,796 
11,1.30 
14,7.30 
18,580 
11,761 
49, COS 
49,030 
41,211 
35,222 
36,446 
37,974 
Average Prices of Beef and Mutton. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1858. 
1859. 
Beef: — 
s. d. 
s. d. 
s. d. 
s. d. 
s. d. 
s. d. 
3 0 
3 2 
2 10 
■2 10 
■2 10 
3 0 
4 0 
4 2 
3 10 
3 10 
3 10 
4 0 
5 2 
5 2 
5 0 
5 0 
5 2 
5 0 
Mutton : — 
3 2 
3 2 
3 0 
3 2 
3 0 
3 2 ' 
4 0 
4 2 
4 0 
4 2 
4 0 
4 2 
Prime 
5 0 
5 2 
5 2 
5 4 
5 2 
5 2 
We may conclude this report by observing that the prospects 
of the graziers are favourable, notwithstanding foreign competi- 
tion ; and, further, that our impression is that prices, under the 
influence of great activity in trade and commerce, are likely to 
rule high during the whole of the jjvesent year. 
5, Argyle Square, St. Pancras, London. 
XXVII.^ — Influence of Climate on Cultivation. 
By K. Russell, F.R.S.E. 
In treating of the effects of climate on agricultural plants and farm- 
practices, there are a few special points connected with rye which 
are deserving of notice. As a crop, though never entering pro- 
minently into rotations, it was at one period cultivated more 
extensively than at present. Its habits and requirements are 
pretty well known to practical men, but have not received much 
attention from men of science. In the wide sandy plains of the 
north of Europe it forms the most productive bread-yielding 
plant, and is largely raised. But we are still very much in the 
dark regarding those peculiarities in its constitution which render 
it capable of maintaining a comparatively healthy growth, where 
other cereals languish and are unproductive. As sandy soils 
become improved in their physical texture by marl or clay, or 
YOL. XX. 2 I 
