4 
On the Farming of Esuex. 
approached nearer to the price of red wheat, and from being more 
productive in the proportion of one in five, the value of the de- 
scription of land of which we are treating has been enhanced pro- 
portionably. 
The varieties of red wheat principallv grown are the Syer, 
golden drop, American, Burwell, Russell, and Smoothy ; the two 
last are new varieties, hanng the character of some of the preced- 
ing. The Syer is a variety producing an abundance of straw. 
The golden drop, wheat with long and also very stiff straw, not 
easily lodged, and very productive in dry seasons. The Burwell, a 
variety of fine red wheat grown at Burwell in Cambridgeshire, 
from whence its name; and the Russell and Smoothy, a close 
compact-eared wheat of the American character, and also very 
productive upon the best descriptions of land. White wheat is 
grown of good quality, but only to a limited extent. 
Peas are grown to some extent, and are frequently sown with 
oats as food for horses. This crop is denominated buUimong, 
and probably answers on some descriptions of soil ; but the prac- 
tice should be exploded, as the land cannot be so much benefited 
as it would be by taking the crops separatelv in proper succession. 
Beans are not much grown, but upon the more heavy tenacious 
clay soils they are produced with success ; whilst upon the chalk- 
clay subsoils, with thin staple, they do not succeed so well as peas; 
the latter also are grown in limited quantities. 
Clover is grown only once in six or eight years, for if sown 
oftener, it is apt to fail in plant ; and even when in plant it is not 
very productive, unless highly manured, which is done upon the 
young plants in the autumn : in that case it is mostly afterwards 
mown ; but the usual practice is to feed with sheep through the 
summer, or to feed close until the 1st of June, when the stock is 
removed, and the clover is reserved for seed, producing from two 
to eight bushels per acre ; four bushels may, however, be consi- 
dered an average crop. The expenses attendant upon thrashing 
and preparing for market are so great as frequently to leave the 
producer a loser ; these expenses being, upon an average, about 
45. to 7s. per bushel of 701b. weight. 
Tares or vetches are grown to a considerable extent, as the 
comparative scarcity of pasture land renders it imperative upon 
the farmer to produce artificial green crops as a substitute for 
grass in summer, and hay in winter, as well as for the improve- 
ment of the land by feeding with sheep or folding in yards in the 
summer months. 
Small patches of pasture land (for the most part) only are to be 
found upon farms in this district ; but in the vicinity of Ongar, 
Epping, and Harlow, nearly one half is of pasture, excellent in 
quality, though not productive in quantity. Dairying was formerly 
