Agriculture of Norfolk. 347 
whole period, at the original rent, without the covenant alluded 
to.* 
* The following is a copy of the covenant under which these improve- 
ments were made : — 
" That if the said , his executors or administrators, 
shall purchase any bones, lime, or other manure, or dig any marl or stone, 
and use the same upon the said farm, the amount of such purchase, or 
the expense of such digging and getting, agreeably to the customary 
valuation of the country, shall be divided into four parts for the bones, 
and seven equal parts for the stones, or marl and lime ; and at whatever 
period the said , his executors or administrators, shall 
leave or quit the farm, the said , his heirs or assigns, 
or the succeeding tenant in occupation, shall repay unto the said 
, his executors or administrators, so much of the 
amount of such expense as shall be in propoi tion to such a number of 
years as the said , his executors or administrators, 
shall fall short of four or seven years' occupancy of the said farm, after 
incurring such last-mentioned expense." 
After writing my article on tenure, ' The Report of Lincolnshire ' ap- 
peared, and I immediately wrote to the son of the gentleman above alluded 
to, asking — " Whether he would have preferred a lease of twenty-one 
years, without any allowance at the end of it, or his chalk, lime, and 
manure covenant under a yearly tenancy ?" 
His answer to this was, " I should prefer a lease of twenty-one years 
without the covenant, if I could not have both." 
I also asked whether Lord Yarborough's tenants are protected by similar 
covenanls. 
The answer was, " Lord Yarborough's tenants, and all others in this 
neighbourhood, are protected by those covenants." 
Now, if the Lincolnshire farming is better than the Scotch farming, of 
which we hear so much, I think it pretty strong evidence in favour of 
such covenants as I am now advocating. 
I feel thankful for the occasion which has supplied me, so unexpectedly, 
with the strongest proofs of their advantages, in the Report on Lincoln- 
shire, by Mr. Pusey. 
1844, August. From further inquiries on this important subject (and 
I call it so, because involving the question as to the cause of such high 
farming in Lincolnshire), I find that on the Earl of Yarborough's estates, 
and some others, the fixed allowance to an out-going tenant for linseed- 
cake, is " half the value of the cake he consumed with beasts in the yards 
during the last year." My informant adds, " I dare say it will become 
general at no distant period. It certainly ought to be so." Another 
Lincolnshire gentleman says, " I think the allowance for marl in this part 
is extended to ten years, instead of seven. It is seven years for lime, five 
years for clay, and three years for bones or any other artificial manure." 
However the amount of allowance may vary in different^districts of the 
county, there can be no doubt that security to the tenant, for improve- 
ments made at his expense, is now generally recognised in Lincolnshire, 
as the most firm and certain foundation for prosperity to owners, occu- 
piers, and labourers. This principle is the rock on which the splendid 
farming of Lincolnshire is founded. 
The late Earl of Leicester gave security, in another shape, to his tenants 
in Norfolk, and the effects were similar. 
