Trials of Artificial Manures. 
395 
suming for food the straw which at other times would be used 
for litter. 
Urged by these considerations, I determined in the year 1843 
to try a certain number of those artificial manures most generally 
in use against the common farm-yard manure, with the view of 
ascertaining the beneficial effects resulting from their application, 
both to the turnip and the succeeding wheat crop. The results 
of these experiments I now venture to lay before the public ; but 
from the peculiarity of the present season, beg particular attention 
to the previous treatment of the land on which these experiments 
were tried, as it is necessary to consider how much of the pro- 
ductiveness of the wheat was attributable to the effect of the 
manures, and what to the greater depth of soil obtained by subsoil 
ploughing. This is a preliminary suggestion which I think it 
right to make, as it is not my intention to reason upon the results, 
sufficiently satisfactory in a pecuniary light to myself, but to 
leave the scientific or practical man to draw his own inferences 
from the facts now submitted. The field was a good loamy soil. 
In the year 1841, preparatory to the wheat crop, 10 bushels of 
bones had been sown on the clover-ley previously to ploughing. 
In the year 1842, after the wheat crop had been harvested, the 
subsoil plough was used, and the land stirred to the depth of 14 
inches : such was its condition when, after having got it into good 
turnip tilth, and having accurately marked out 6 acres, to 
No. I. was applied 40 bushels of Daniel's manure marked B, 
sown broadcast and ploughed in previously to ridging up, in addi- 
tion to which 12 bushels marked A were drilled in before the 
seed, so as not to come in immediate contact with it. 
No. II., 10 tons of farm-yard dung, mixed with 30 bushels of 
Daniel's B manure one month before using. 
No. III., 20 tons of farm-yard dung. 
No. IV., 20 bushels half-inch hemes, drilled in before the 
seed. 
No. v., 3 cwt. of guano, mixed with 15 bushels of screened 
Newport coal-ashes, and drilled in before the seed. 
No. VI., Stott's salts, 2^ bushels, mixed with 11 bushels of 
screened Newport coal-ashes, and drilled in before the seed. 
Skriving's improved Swede was the seed drilled in on the 18th 
of May : the plants came up well, and during their growth were 
not affected by fly or any other disease ; they were pulled, topped, 
tailed, and weighed on the 1st of December — the weights per 
acre will be seen in the subjoined table. The ground was soon 
after ploughed, and on the 24th of February Bellevue Talavera 
wheat was drilled in, which came up very well. On the 27th of 
April I find by a note that the wire-worm attacked the wheats in 
Nos. 4, 5, and 6, more than that in any other part of the field ; 
