472 
Observations on the various Insects 
known. It is a predaceous beetle which belongs to the Order 
CoLEOPTERA ; it is comprised in the Family Carabid^e, and 
forms with some other European insects the Genus Zabrus, and 
the species is named 
3. Z. gibbus by Fabricius, Carabus tenebrioides by Panzer, 
C. spinipes by Scopoli, and C. gibbus by Mar sham. It is con- 
vex and elliptical, but broad, of a deep piceous colour, smooth and 
shining: the mouth is ferruginous; the jaws are strong;* the an- 
tennae are not so long as the thorax, filiform, eleven-jointed, and 
pubescent, excepting the three basal joints ; the eyes are small, but 
prominent; the thorax is broad, a little narrowed before, all the 
angles are rounded, the sides margined, the surface is delicately 
striated transversely with wavy lines, and a channel down the 
middle, the base being depressed, thickly and coarsely punctured, 
with a shallow fovea on each side of the centre ; the scutellum is 
trigonate, but minute : the elytra are a Httle broader than the 
thorax, but not so shining, with a faint olive-green tinge, and are 
notched towards the apex; there are eight deep -punctured furrows 
on each, the sutural one furcated at the base, and the outer one is 
strongly punctured at the shoulder and towards the apex ; the 
wings are ample, and folded under the wing-cases ; the legs are 
stout and bright ferruginous, the thighs are robust and piceous; 
the tibiae are armed externally with series of short spines and 
dilated at their extremities, especially the anterior, which are well 
adapted for burrowing, they are notched near the apex and fur- 
nished with three spurs, the others have only two ; the tarsi are 
slender with series of spines beneath, and are five-jointed, the three 
basal ones being dilated in the anterior pair in the males, the 
terminal joint is clavate, and produces a pair of claws. Fig. 7 
represents the female slightly magnified, the length being six 
lines, the breadth nearly three ; the male is sometimes smaller. 
The female beetle lays her eggs in clusters in the gi'ound, and 
the larvae they produce appear to be three years in arriving at 
maturity, from their being found half grown, in company with 
pupae at the same season, and they frequently are accompanied by 
the larvae of Melolontha solstitialis, " the small or summer Cock- 
chafer." They are of a brown colour, the sides and under side 
whitish, nearly linear, but tapering at the tail, somewhat depressed, 
slightly hairy, and about an inch long ; the head is broad and 
armed with two strong jaws, slender palpi, and two fine four- 
jointed antennae, placed before the eyes : the first thoracic segment 
is very large and subquadrate, the second and third are shorter, as 
well as the nine abdominal ones; there is a transparent line down 
the back, a brown callous spot on each side of the segments, wliere 
♦ Vide Curtis'8 Brit, lint., pi. and fol. 188, for the dissections, &c. 
