Indications of Fertility or Barrenness of Soils, 
573 
The following is a List of some of the weeds which are frequently troublesome, and occupy so 
much of tiie surface as to render the produce of the farmer's crop of little value. Excepting 
those which are enumerated in other schedules, they cannot be taken as indications of either 
barrenness or fertility ; most of them are not very particular in the choice of soil. They are, 
with some exceptions, found on all kinds of soils, and the only indication that may be worthy 
of consideration is tiie difference in the state of their growth. They will appear stronger and 
more luxuriant on fertile tiiau on barren soils. Some few may not often be found on barren 
soils, and others not on fertile lands, but the majority will grow on eitlier. They are intro- 
duced here as temporary indications of l)arrenness, with the view of encouraging the farmer to 
engage in a universal war with them, until he finally extirpates them from his soil altogether. 
BoT\NicAL Names. 
1. Aiirostemma t;ithago 
2. Hcllis t'erennis 
3. Fum;irta otlicinaUs 
4. Convolvulus arven- 
sis. 
5. Oalium apariae • 
6. Papaver rhueas 
7. Rumex obtusifoUus 
8. Rimit'x crispus 
9. ^elu'cio vulgaris . 
to. Tussiliigo petasites 
11. Tussil igo fart'ara . 
12. SU'Uaria media 
13. Alopecuius agrestis 
14. Carex . 
15. Antheiuis cotula . 
16. Agropyrum repens 
17. Cardims arvensis , 
IK. Ileraclium sphon- 
dylium. 
19. AUiiini viueale 
20. Hippuris vulgaris , 
21. Galium verum 
22. Sandyx pecten Ve- 
neris. 
23. Uumex acetosella . 
Enomsh Namks. 
Cockle, corn campion. 
Common daisy^ 
Common fumitory. 
Corn bindweed. 
Hariff, cleavers, goose-^jrass. 
Corn poppy, cop ruse, red 
weed, blinders. 
Broad-leaved dock. 
Curled dock, clover dock. 
Groundsel. 
Common buUer bur. 
Coltsfoot. 
Chick wed. 
Bhick bent spear grass, slen- 
der foxtail grass. 
Sedge, carnalion grass. 
Mayweed or matheru, slink- 
ing camomile. 
Couch, squitch, quicks, 
wicks. 
Saw-wort, common field- 
thistle. 
Common cow-parsnip, hog- 
weed. 
Crow garlic. 
Mare's-tail. 
Cheese renning or rennet, 
yellow ladies' bod-straw. 
Crow needles, shepherd's 
needles. 
Sheep*s sorrel, or dock. 
BoT-iNicAT. Names. 
24. Chrysanthemum 
leuc.iuthemum. 
25. Clirysanthemuni se- 
getum. 
26. Polygonum convol- 
vulus. 
27. Cnicus arvenftis . 
28. Ranunculus arven- 
sis. 
29. Equisetum arvense 
30. Centaurea cyanus 
31. Sinapis arvensis . 
32. Tragopogon pra- 
tensis. 
33. Mentha arvensis . 
3^. Holcus avenaceus 
35. Agrostis stolonifer 
angiistif'olia. 
3(). Senecio Jacoba 
37. Centaurea nigra . 
38. Conyza squaiTOsa. 
39. Lolium temulcntum 
40. Avena fatua 
41. Biomus secalinus 
42. Ononis arvensis 
43. Carduus acaulis 
44. Centaurea calcitrapa 
English Names. 
Ox-eye daisy. 
Corn-marigold, gools, ^o\X' 
laus. 
Black bindweed. 
Creeping plume-thistle, small 
purple thistle. 
Horse-gold, corn buttercup, 
frogwort. 
Ci»rn horse-tail. 
Blue bottle, knapweed, hurt 
sickle. 
CharlocU, wild mustard. 
Yellow goat's beard. 
Corn-mint. 
Tall, oatlike, soft grass. 
Surface twitch, narrow-leaved 
bent grass, red robin. 
Common ragwort, segrum 
. St. John s wort. 
Common black knapweed, 
liard heads, horse kuopfl. 
Ploughman's spikenard. 
Darnel. 
Wild oats, haver. 
Drank, smooth brorae grass. 
Kost harrow, cammock, petty 
whin. 
Dwarf thistle, stemless thistle. 
Star-thistle. 
The following is a List of a few of our Timber Tueks, with the kinds of Soils which 
they are partial to, or on which they flourish most; and, in cunseqnence, their 
appearance and condition may become indications of Fertility or Barrenness. 
Botanical 
Names. 
Engmsh 
Names. 
Locality, Soil, Situation, fee- 
Acer 
Acer (campes- 
tris). 
Alnus . 
Sycamore . 
Maple . 
Alder 
i Birch 
Hazel-nut. 
Beech 
Ash . 
Walnut . 
Larch 
Poplar 
Pine. 
Oak . 
Willow 
Elm. 
Sandy lightish soil ; but is found on rich soil in or near villages. 
Deep sandy soil, and deep soil, on a strong subsoil. 
Wet boggy places, low marshy land. Used in Herefordshire for hop- 
poles. 
Light, moist, sandy soil. 
Deep sandy soil, and on lands moderately fertile. 
Thin, elevated, calcareous soils in woods. Flourishes singly when 
planted in fertile soil. 
Deep Sdil . inclined to be sandy, but of a medium character. Flourishes 
on the inffrinr oolite, the lower portion of which is a fertile soil. 
Dry loamy soil of a medium character, and on rich fertile soil. 
Thin, dry, rocky soil- 
Wet boggy land, and on wettish lands of a medium character. 
Light, dry, rocky soil. 
Deep, strong, fertile land, with clay subsoil. 
Low wet places. By the sides of brooks in rich soil. 
Deep rich loam, and near fuvm yards, where the ditches contain ll:o 
liquid that escapes from the dunghills. 
