Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 
G7 
at a corresponding depth. This Professor Ebermajer explains 
by supposini? that the moisture cannot escape laterally, as the 
metallic walls of the cylinder are impermeable. He also thinks 
the area of one square foot too small. 
He has now introduced a plan somewhat resembling that de- 
vised by Mr. C. Greaves, C.E., for his experiments at Old Ford, 
the results of which he has described in his Paper printed in the 
'Transactions of the Institute of Civil Engineers' (vol. xlv.). 
He excavates in an artificial mound five chambers, each 3 ft. 
3 in. deep, and 6 ft. G in. square. They are separated by walls 
of porous masonry 1 ft. 6 in. in thickness. The bottoms are 
conical, and tubes lead from them into a vault, where the 
receiving vessels are placed. These chambers are filled with 
the different kinds of soil, &c., which it is wished to subject 
to experiment. 
Of course the arrangement can be used for other experiments, 
such as trying the temperature of the earth in various soils at 
various depths, &c. »Scc. 
R. 19. " Observations ou the directiou and force of wind should be con- 
ducted in the same way as at the ordinary meteorological stations." 
R. 20. " lu order to investigate the climatic features by which masses of 
vegetation, such as wood, pasture, moorland, and heath, are distinguished on 
the one hand from each other, and on the other hand from bare earth, it is 
desirable to develop further the system of parallel stations, such as were 
established originally in Bavaria, and subsequently in other states of Germany 
and in Switzerland. It is also recommended to institute at the forest station 
of each such pair of parallel stations a new series of observations on the 
amount of water running down the tree-stems." 
R. 21. " It is advisable to organise the system of radial stations, in order to 
ascertain the effect which extensive masses of vegetation, especially forests, 
exert on the climate of the surrounding region, both in the immediate vicinity 
and at a distance. 
" This system promises the better results the move continental is the cha- 
racter of the region in which it is tried. In Central Europe, therefore, Eastern 
Germany comes first, then the Austrian Empire. When any new stations 
are established, especially radial stations, observations on the temperature 
and humidity immediately above the tree-crown appear to be of great 
importance." 
The terms " parallel " and " radial " stations require some 
explanation, and it will be seen that the investigations of which 
the institution of such stations forms a part, belong in the first 
instance to forest meteorology, and are therefore of minor im- 
portance to agriculturists. 
In the establishment of each station in the heart of a forest, 
care has been taken to provide a corresponding or parallel 
station in the open country adjacent, so as to eliminate any 
differences in the results which might be caused by differences 
in the situations of the stations, their distance from the sea, 
their elevation, &c., &c. 
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