Report on Liver-Rot. 
153 
of rot as the moister Southern or Midland Counties. Essex 
farmers frequently keep a flying flock, and, even if infected 
with fluke, the sheep are not usually long enough on hand to 
suffer seriously. The heavy clays around Romford have not 
contributed either rotten sheep or cattle. On the tenacious 
land at Havering Park, the chief losses of the past two years 
have been a few Iambs choked with bronchial filaria. 
Mr. James Ross, The Grange, Hatfield, states that in his 
own neighbourhood and in the district around Harlow, sheep 
have also been fairly healthy. He continues that he never 
wintered sheep with less loss than in 1879-80. " We had 150 
ewes put to the tup, and 1 sold out. May 10th, 1880, 148 ewes and 
200 lambs. We lost thirteen small lambs early in February. 
My sheep were wintered on sound well-drained pasture, with a 
liberal allowance of dry food, with cotton-cake, and in severe 
weather a few split beans or maize ; the food is always regulated 
according to the severity of the weather. Flukes in sheep I 
remember for fifty years in wet seasons, but many years careful 
observation satisfies me that many farmers do not manage their 
live stock during the winter with care and proper food, which 
certainly prevent rot both in sheep or cattle. Although pre- 
ventible, when once established rot cannot be cured." 
3fr. F. IVhitmore, Secretary of the Essex Agricultural Society, 
writing July 5th, 1880, stated that around Chelmsford, and thence 
as far down as the Tendring Hundred, no liver-rot has occurred 
either amongst sheep or cattle. 
Suffolk. — On the heavier lands of East Suffolk rot was 
noticeable early in the autumn of 1879. Around Woodbridge 
and Saxmundham extensive and crushing losses occurred. 
Very generously, Mr. Richard Garrett, of Carleton Park, and 
an influential committee, in the spring of 1880, raised sub- 
scriptions in aid of the more needy flock-masters ; nearly 2000/. 
was collected before midsummer ; claims for the loss of upwards 
of 4000 sheep were sent in for consideration. Notwithstanding 
the restricted flocks, many of which could not be replaced, 
extensive losses have continued down to the present date. Mr. 
R. Garrett, losing some sheep and finding flukes in the livers 
of others killed for the purpose of investigation, after much 
deliberation parted with his valuable flock of 500 black-faced 
Suffolk ewes. Other flocks of repute, to avoid heavier losses, 
have also been disposed of to the butcher. The Sudbury 
district, on drier lighter land, 3Ir. H. F. Jennings informs 
me, has hitherto kept clear of liver-rot. 3Ir. Alfred J. Shorten, 
M.R.C.V.S., of Ipswich, has sent me the following interesting 
letter : — 
" I have had few opportunities of inspecting the livers of 
