Pigs: their Breeding/ and Manaf/ement. 
211 
2. From the female parent are derived the internal structure, 
the vital organs, and, in a much greater proportion 
than fiom tlie male, the constitution, temper, and 
habits. 
3. That the purer the race of the parent the more cer- 
tainty there is of its transmitting its qualities to the 
offspring. Say two animals are mated ; if one is of 
purer descent than tlie other, he or she will exercise 
the most influence in stamping the character of the 
progeny, particularly if the greater purity is on the 
side of the male. 
4. That, apart from certain didurhinfi itijlitevces or causes, 
the male, if of pure race, and descended Irom a stock 
of uniform colour, stamps the colour of the offspring. 
5. That the influence of the first male is not unfrequently 
protracted beyond the birth of the offspring of which he 
is the parent, and his mark is left upon subsequent 
progeny. 
(5. That the transmission of diseases of the vital organs is 
more cei'tain if on the side of the female : and diseases 
of the joints if on the side of the male parent. 
I could adduce numerous facts in support of these conclusions, 
but the following must suffice : — 
First, as to colour. Twenty to thirty years ago the Duke of 
Bedford had at Woburn a herd of black sows which were 
always crossed with a pure white boar. I noticed on several 
visits that the young ones were all white. Since that period, on 
several occasions I have crossed Berkshires with a white boar, 
and the result invariably has been a litter of white pigs with 
scarcely a spot of black. A few years ago I paid a visit to the 
farm of the late Mr. Dumbrell, near Brighton. He had a very 
large herd of Channel Island cows. On remarking that he kept 
a Sussex bull, he informed me that his object was to obtain red 
calves, inasmuch as Alderney calves were unsaleable. Although 
the Sussex is not of so ancient a race, the calves invariably 
came red. With regard to the internal and external organiza- 
tion theory, the invariable result of crossing a mare with the 
male ass producing a mule, and the reverse method of crossing 
producing a mute, are perhaps the best proofs ; but I have 
tried many experiments with poultry, more particularly with 
the Cochin hen and the game cock ; 1 have bred many thousands 
from this cross : the result has been, without a single exception, 
an enlarged game-cock, and a hen which laid Cochin eggs. 
This theory has also been often confirmed in my personal 
experience in the breeding of both nag and cart-horses. 
With respect to the practice of crossing, the difference should 
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