234 
Jersey Cattle and their Management. 
it pure. If any cow is thin and weakly, 2 lbs. of oilcake 
is allowed daily, and the absence of milk-fever is attributed 
to keeping the cows up three weeks before calving, giving them 
dry food and a weekly dose of salts and sulphur. After calving, 
bran mashes are given for a few days ; then hay chaff and the 
usual food. They are tied and milked in a house, but turned 
out afterwards into a large three-parts-covered straw-yard. The 
calf sucks the dam for a fortnight or three weeks ; bull calves 
are allowed to remain longer. W hen separated these go into a 
partially-covered yard, and are gradually weaned with warmed 
skim-milk and artificial food. They then get chopped hay, 
with barley, pea, bean, or oat meal, and a little oil-cake. Bulls 
are similarly kept, but a trifle better, and walked out daily. 
The system of putting heifers to at twelve months old was tried, 
but the produce was so small and the heifers became so weakly 
that it was not followed up : now they generally calve at two 
years old. Animals intended for exhibition receive about 2 lbs. 
of linseed cake daily for a few weeks previous to the show, and 
are well cleaned : a number of premiums have been won. The 
animals show an aptitude to feed when dry, and barren cows 
have made 18/. to 21Z. in Watford Market. 
In Hertfordshire a large number of Jersey cattle are kept. 
Mr. Barnes's system of management prevails in the neighbour- 
hood of Watford, and the demand for his butter is very great, 
prizes having been won with it. The herd of Jerseys, bred 
principally from Lord Chesham's and imported stock, has been 
kept some years, as well as a small herd of Shorthorns. His 
method is to bring the cow into a box a fortnight before calving, 
and give her a drink of salts, ginger, nitre and ale. As soon as 
the calf is born a handful of salt is sprinkled over it and the 
dam licks and strengthens it ; if weakly and unable to suck, a 
little milk is trickled down its throat, and it is allowed to 
remain with its dam two or three days. Jersey milk is con- 
sidered too rich, and the death of many calves is attributed to it. 
The dam is clean milked, drenched, and a pailfull of warm 
oatmeal gruel given her, and for four days her food consists of 
bran mashes. Lukewarm water is also given, and the udder is 
drawn three times a day. At the end of a week she may be 
turned out for an hour or two in fine weather. The calf is fed 
three times a day until a week old with about a quart of warmed 
skimmed milk. The quantity is then gradually increased, 
but never exceeds two gallons a day, and the calf, if kept with 
others, is tied up both before and after feeding. The desire to 
suck something is gratified by giving a small piece of linseed 
cake ; and bran and bruised oats, mixed with linseed-cake dust, 
are given as soon as the calf will eat. At two months old the 
