Jcracy Cattle and their Management. 
235 
calves are let out into a paddock for an hour or two daily ; 
longer as thoy grow older, particular attention being taken not 
to allow them to go out before the dew is oil' the gr.ass, and 
to take them in during the heat of the day in summer. In cases 
of scour a tablespoonful of castor-oil is given at night, and a 
tablespoonful of carminative chalk in the morning. In the 
autumn a little hay is given at night with bran and cake ; but 
it is considered a great mistake with Jersey cattle to get them 
fat with new milk when young ; they grow coarse and lose the 
quality and beauty of the breed. Later in the autumn a few 
carrots or swedes are given pulped with hay-chaff, and they 
do better if allowed to run in a loose shed with a yard during 
winter. In this way the heifers become accustomed to the cold 
climate and as hardy as other breeds of cattle. They are put 
to service at about fifteen months old, so as to calve at two 
years old, but no cows are allowed to calve in June, July, 
August or September. The cows are kept moderately. They 
have grass in summer and a little hay in autumn, with the 
addition of grains, roots, and a little decorticated cotton cake 
as winter comes on. Roots often cause an unpleasant flavour 
in the butter. Hay and straw chaff mixed with bran and 
boiled barley cause a great increase of milk and do not taint 
the butter. The barley is boiled until it bursts, and the hot 
liquor is poured over the chaff-mixture and allowed to stand 
twelve hours before being given to the cows. The same man 
milks the same cows night and morning, and care is taken that 
he be quiet, cleanly, and good-tempered. It is preferred to let 
the bull run with the cows, but as this is often impracticable, 
he is kept loose in a box with a yard to it, and the cows are 
turned in for service. If it becomes necessary to tie him up, 
he is walked out at least one hour daily. He is kept low in 
condition if not much worked. 
Hampshire and the Isle of Wight have long been the home 
of the breed. The bulk of all the cattle shipped from the 
Channel Islands come to Southampton, and therefore cows can 
be purchased without much additional cost of carriage in transit. 
They are used largely in the dairies both in Hampshire and 
Dorsetshire, and parts of Sussex and Surrey. When Mr. Cardus 
occupied the farm of Town Hill, near Southampton, he took 
over with-it a herd of Jersey cows which the late Mr. Duff had 
imported and bred from. To these he used imported bulls, and 
also introduced some of the English stock, using a bull called 
" Dairy King," bred on both sides from Mr. Gilbey's herd ; 
he has successfully exhibited his animals, and he keeps them 
in houses opening into large straw-yards, exactly in the same 
manner as the ordinary cattle of the county are kept. His 
