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XXVII. — The Manufacture of Artificial Butter in the Nether- 
lands. By H. M. Jenkins, F.G.S., Secretary of the Society 
and Editor of the Journal. 
[Reprinted from the 'Report on tlio Agriculture of the Netherlands' to the 
Eoyal Commission on Agriculture.] 
This substance has been so much written and talked about 
during the last two or three years that it may be considered 
superfluous to refer to it in this report. As, however, the state- 
ments in the newspapers which have come under my observation 
have referred almost entirely to the American product, and do 
not give a correct idea of the Dutch " artificial butter " and its 
mode of manufacture, I propose to give a short account of the 
latter article. 
Definition of Terms. — " Artificial butter " is the term I prefer 
to use, as being at once definite and easily understood. On the 
London market it is quoted as " Bosch," sometimes jocosely or 
ignorantly written " Bosh." The origin of this name is simply 
as follows: — The district round 's Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc), 
commonly written 's Bosch, the capital of the province of North 
Brabant, for many years sent to the London market an inferior 
quality of Dutch butter. That particular brand has disappeared 
under the influence of the artificial butter, which is chiefly made 
in and about that region. In American journals, and in many 
English newspapers, one reads of oleomargarine as being appa- 
rently the same substance, whereas it bears the same relation to 
artificial butter that flour does to a plum-pudding. Butterine is 
another name that has been used, but, like the term oleomarga- 
rine, it has been applied indifferently to that substance, and to 
artificial butter properly so called. 
Original Factory. — Holland is the chief seat of the manu- 
facture of artificial butter, because no patent law exists in that 
country. Until recently there was but one factory, namely, that 
of Messrs. Jurgens, of Oss, a village about fifteen miles from 
's Hertogenbosch ; and for five years that firm kept the trade 
entirely in their own hands. Although at the present time there 
may exist fifty or sixty, or even more, factories, still Messrs. 
Jurgens retain the lead, and send to England from 70 to 90 tons 
of artificial butter per week. Two or three other firms follow, 
with an output of from 40 to GO tons per week, and a host of 
smaller factories, and even farm-dairies, bring up the enormous 
total. 
Consul- General Archibald's Report. — A Parliamentary Paper 
was published this year, entitled, ' Correspondence respecting 
the Manufacture of Oleomargarine in the United States,' in 
