The Manufacture of Artificial Butter in the Netherlands. 439 
Farm Factory. — There remains one other type of artificial 
butter factory to which it is desirable to draw attention, namely, 
the farm dairj'. This I found on a large farm of reclaimed peat- 
land at Prince-Peel, near Mill, also in North Brabant. The 
farm itself is elsewhere described in this report (pp. 443-446), 
therefore I shall here confine myself to the question of artificial 
butter. Mr. Nering Bogel, the proprietor, uses his own milk 
and butter (produce of 100 cows) for this purpose, as he finds it 
pay better than sending his butter to England, or selling his 
milk to Messrs. Jurgens, at Oss, at the rate of 6^rf. per gallon 
delivered to Mill station. The produce of the cows in milk is 
stated to be something enormous, for they are very highly fed, 
and Mr. Nering Bogel told me that his milk account with 
Messrs. Jurgens amounted to over 2000/. per annum. Butter 
for factory use is made from sour milk, experience having shown 
that it is more suitable for making artificial butter than that 
obtained by churning sweet cream, which is the method adopted 
by him for making butter for various household purposes. The 
oleomargarine is imported from New York, and the following 
are the proportions of the several ingredients used in the 
manufacture : — Oleomargarine 60 per cent., butter 10 per cent., 
milk and a little earth-nut oil (Arachis oil) 30 per cent. The 
earth-nut oil is considered to impart a good flavour, which 
olive oil does not. 
Branding. — It is said that the Dutch Government insists that 
all artificial butter exported shall be marked as such on the 
packages in which it is sent, but if that is the case there must 
frequently be inside and outside cases, as the artificial butter 
comes here in perfect imitation of every kind of butter known 
on the London market, packages, muslin, and all accessories 
included, from Burro di Milano to Beurre d'Isigny and Extra 
Danish. Of course, the only persons deceived in general are 
the ultimate purchasers — the consumers. 
Estimate of Imports. — Mr. Seldon, the Principal of the Sta- 
tistical Office at H.M. Customs, informs me that there is no 
record of the quantity of artificial butter imported into England; 
and it appears that a very close analysis is necessary to deter- 
mine what is real butter and what is butterine, or artificial butter. 
This is unfortunate, as I feel convinced that if the amount 
could be ascertained it would startle every one by its magnitude. 
In 1879 the importations of foreign butter amounted to about 
2,000,000 cwts., of which 655,000 came from the Netherlands. 
Probably one-half of this was artificial butter, and if we esti- 
mate the quantity that is imported under its right name at about 
200,000 cwts., we get a total of half a million cwts. of artificial 
butter. No doubt this is pure guess-work ; but if it be considered 
VOL. XVII.— S. S. 2 H 
