464 
Report of the Judges on the 
the labourers, but that he himself does a great amount of work, 
and that he is invariably one of the milkers. 
The hours which the labourer works and the will with which 
he works are both in excess of what is usual in the western 
and eastern counties. A great number of hands are boarded and 
lodged in the farmhouse, and so are always upon the spot. Work 
all the year round commences at five, and does not terminate 
until late in the evening, with only half-an-hour for breakfast, 
and one hour for dinner. We are speaking now of what are 
termed hired farm servants, which upon most farms constitute 
the chief part of the labourers employed. The pay per day for 
other hands may be more than is common in southern England, 
but the amount of work rendered is still greater. It is nothing 
uncommon in" the grain-growing districts of England for the 
labourer to earn 11. in the corn harvest, which seldom lasts a 
month. In addition to this he has a chance of supplementing 
his usual wages with piece-work in the summer, and extra wages 
for the longer hours of haysel. In the districts we inspected 
we found that 3/. or 3Z. 10s. was the common sum paid for the 
longer hours of hay and corn harvests, which often covered a 
period of ten weeks, when the labourer was expected to work 
from light till dark, with only a short respite for meals. But 
the good living of the farmhouse, the constant direction and 
superintendence of the master, and the real interest he takes in 
the work of the farm, all tend to make him a better and more 
active labourer. 
It is difficult to apprize the value of the hard-working farmer's 
services, especially when the work of the hands is supplemented, 
as it was on all the farms we visited, by a careful, constant, and 
intelligent supervision of all details of his occupation. In 
reckoning the expenses of a farm too little value is frequently 
placed upon the services of such a tenant ; for, however trust- 
worthy and enlightened may be the foreman, he cannot expect 
to supply the head and eye of the master. The farmers of this 
description we met with, seemed to illustrate most forcibly the 
old j)roverb of "minding their own business, and leaving other 
people's alone." So much does the work and management of 
their farms seem to employ their time, that they have very little 
to devote to public or parochial business, or to any sort of 
recreation. They seem to thoroughly carry out the American's 
advice to his son : " To find recreation in looking after your 
business, so that your business will not be neglected in looking 
after recreation." 
The Cattle were all Shorthorns, ranging from some most 
beautiful herds to a few very common nondescript milking 
