156 
44. VALERIANACE.E, 
rest backwards. Fr. small. Peduncles or rather flowering branches 
with several leaves at the primary divisions. Fr. large. — Com- 
mon. A. VI. — VIII. Goose-grass. Cleavers. 
14. G. spurium (L.); 1. 6 — 8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate with 
marginal prickles pointing backwards, st. rough with deflexed 
prickles, peduncles axillary w ith 3 — 9 flowers, fruitstalks (hva- 
ricated straight, fr. smooth or hispid.- — E. B. 1871. — Closely re- 
sembling the preceding and perhaps only a variety of it ; (hstin- 
guished by its more numerous flowers, floral leaves solitary (“or 
in pairs”), and fruit of about half the size, in the typical plant 
smooth. — fi. Vaillantii ; fruit hispid as in G. Aparine. G. Vail- 
lantii DC. — Forfar. not uncommon. A. VII. E. S. 
15. G. horeale (L.); 1. 4 in a whorl lanceolate 3-nerved, st. 
erect panicled, corymbs terminal contracted, fruitstalks patent, 
fr. covered with hooked bristles. — E. B. 105. — St. about 18 in. 
high, with many leafy branches. FI. white in compact terminal 
corymbs. Fr. hispid in the British plant. — Moist rocky places, 
p. Vii. VIII. 
4. Rubia Linn. 
1. R. peregrina (L.) ; 1. 4 in a whorl elliptic or lanceolate 
shining smooth above without veins the margin and keel rough 
with reflexed bristles. — E. B. 851. — St. spreading, square. L. 
rigid, persistent. Cor. rather rotate than campanulate, 5-cleft : 
lobes oval siuhlenly narrow-ed into a slender ])oint. — Stony and 
sandy thickets in the south. P. VI. — VIII. Wild Madder. E. I. 
Order XLIV. VALERIANACEiE. 
Cal. superior, limb various, toothed, obsolete or involute and 
ultimately resembling a paj)pus. Cor. tubular, 3 — 5-lobed, un- 
equal or irregular often spurred or gibbous at the base. Stam. 
1 — 5, inserted in the tube, free. Ovary with 1 perfect cell and 
often 2 abortive cells, ovule sohtaiy pendulous. Fr. dry. 
1. Centranthus. Cor.regular, 5-lobed, a spar. Stam.\. 
Fr. 1 -celled, indehiseent, crowTied with the limb of the 
calyx expanded into a feathery pappus. 
2. Valeriana. Cor. regular, 5-lobed, gibbous but without a 
spur. Stam. 3. Fr. I -celled, indehiseent, crowned with the 
Umb of the calyx expanded into a feathery pappus. 
3. Valerianella. Cor. regular, 5-lobed, without a spur. 
Stam. 3. Fr. 3-celled, indehiseent, crowned with the erect 
unequally toothed limb of the calyx, 2 of the cells usually 
empty inflated or filiform. 
