DIl'SACUS. SCABIOSA. 
159 
Stani. 4, inserted in the tube, free, filaments not jointed. Style 1 . 
Sti<;nia simple. Ovary 1-eelled with a ])emhdons ovule. Fr. 
erowned witli the i)appus-like calyx. Embryo in fleshy albumen. 
1. Dii’sacus. Calyx cupshaped. Invohicel forming a thick- 
ened margin to the germen. Cor. 4-fid. Receptacle with 
spinous scales shorter than the involucre. Fr. with 4 sides 
and 8 little depressions. 
2. Knautia. Calyx eupshaped with radiant teeth. Involu- 
cel terminating in 4 small teeth. Receptacle hairy. scalesQ. 
Fr. with 4 sides and 4 little dej)ressions. 
3. Scabiosa. Calyx of 5 bristles. Involucel membrfinous 
and plaited. Receptacle scaly. Fr. nearly cylindrical with 
8 excavations. 
1. Dipsacus 
1. D. sylrestris (L.) ; 1. ojiposite undivided sessile, stem 1. 
connate, scales of the receptacle straight at the end longer than 
the flowers, immlucres curved upwards. — E. B. 1032. — St. 5 — (> 
feet high, ])rickly, leafy, branched. Heads of fl. large, conical, 
overtojiped by the slender ascending involucre. — Fledges and 
roadsides. B. VIII. IX. Wild Teasel. 
*2. D. Fullonum (L.); 1. opposite tindivided sessile, stem 1. 
connate, scales of the receptacle hooked at the end as long as the 
flowers, involucres reflexed. — E. B. 2080. — St. 5 — 6 feet high, 
jiriekly, leafy, branched. Heads of fl. obtuse, conical, about as 
long as the sj)inous spreading involucre. — West of England, 
scarcely wild. B. VHI. IX. Teasel. E. 
3. D. pilosus (L.) ; 1. stalked with lateral leaflets, scales of the 
receptacle ol)ovate-cuspidate straight, involucres deflexed. — E. B. 
877- — St. 3 — 4 feet high, branched, rough, leafy. Heads of fl. 
small, globose, longer than the involucres. — Moist shady places. 
B. VHI. E. 
2. Knautia Coult. 
I. K. arvensis (Coult.); lower 1. simple, stem 1. pinnatifid, 
st. bristly, calyx with 8 — 16 somewhat awned teeth. — E. B. 659. 
— St. 2 — 3 feet high, slightly branched, with few' leaves. Radical 
1. numerous, sometimes pinnately lobed. Fl. purple, in large 
convex long-stalked heads, outer ones usually unequal and radiant. 
Involucres bluntish. — Fields. P. VII. Field Scabious. 
3. Scabiosa Linn. 
I. S. succisa (L.) ; root abrupt, heads of fl. and fr. nearly 
globose, involucel hairy 4-fid herbaceous ; lobes ovate acute, calyx 
of 5 bristles, cor. 4-cleft, 1. oblong entire, upper 1. narrower mostly 
