46. COMI'OSIT.®. 
16:5 
fcm. slender in 1 row ; or all lierm. and tubular. Involucre 
roundish, imbricated. Receptacle naked or hairy. Fr. ob- 
ovate, with a small cpigynous disk, without pappus. 
(24.) IS). Tanacetum. Florets as in Artemisia. Involucre 
hemisi)hcrical imbricated. Receptacle naked. Fr. oblong, 
angular, with a large ej)igynous disk (as broad as the fruit), 
eromied with a slight membranous border. 
tttt Recej)tacle scaly. Pappus of 2 — 5 stiff bristles. 
(25.) II. Bidens. Heads homogamous, (hscoidal, sometimes 
radiant. Florets (of the ray neuter, ligulate ;) of the disk 
berm., tubular. Receptacle flat. Involucre of 2 rows, outer 
row spreading. Branches of the style surmounted by short 
cones. Fr. compressed, angular, rough at the edges, the 
angles terminating in 2 — 5 stiff retrorsely hispid bristles. 
Suborder II. CYNAROCEPHALE^. 
Florets all tubular foi-ming a convex or hemispherical top. 
Stigma jointed to the style. 
* Pappus in 1 — 2 rows, not surrounded by an elevated margin. 
26. Saussurea. Florets all herm., tubular. Anth. with 
ciliated seta; at the base. Involucre imbricated, unanned. 
Recei)tacle scaly. Pappus in 2 rows, outer of short rough 
bristles, inner feathery. 
27 . Carlina. Florets all henn., tubular. Anthers with 
ciliated appendages at the base. Involucre imbricated, 
outer scales lax leafhke spinose, inner linear membranous 
coloured and resembling a ray. Receptacle with cleft scales. 
Pappus in 1 row, branched and feathery, connected into a 
ring below. 
** Pappus in many rows of different lengths : second row 
longest, placed within the margin which surrounds the epi- 
gynous disk, rarely 0. 
28. Centaurea. Anthers with papillose filaments, involucre 
imbricated. Receptacle chafly'. Fr. attached laterally above 
the base to the receptacle. Pappus pilose, rarely 0. 
*** Pappus in many rows not surrounded by a prominent 
margin. 
29. Arctium. Involucre globose imbricated with scales ter- 
