180 
46. COM POSIT.®. 
(jnlarly serrate : teeth small incurved, st. straight solid, corv’nibs 
terminal, ray of 6 — 7 florets. — E.B.22U. — St. 3 — 5 feet "high, 
smooth. L. broad. Corymb many-headed. Florets yellow. — 
Watery places, local. P. VIII. 
Tribe IV. Cijnarea. 
Style of the hcrmajihrodite florets nodosely thickened above 
and often with a bunch of hairs at the knot ; its branches united 
or free, downy e.xternally. Stigmatic lines reacliing to the apex 
of the branches and there confluent. 
Section 1. CARLINEjE. Heads many-flowered, never di- 
oecious. Involucral scales in many rows, (Ustinct, often spinous. 
Filaments distinct, naked. Fr. mostly villose. Pappus in 1 — 2 
rows, not surrounded by an elevated margin. 
26. Saussurea Cand. 
1. S. alpina (DC.); 1. nearly glabrous above cottony beneath, 
lower ones ovate lanceolate, ujiper sessile lanceolate, all distantly 
toothed, heads few in a dense corymb, involucre subcylindrical 
with adpressed hairy scales. — Serratula Sm., E. B. 599. — St. 
3 — 12 in. high, erect, downy, simple, terminating in a small co- 
rymb of heads with pinkish florets and piuple anthers. Fr. gla- 
brous. — In alpine situations. P. VIII. 
27. Carlina Linn. 
1. C. vulgar is {h.); st. coi^mbose 1 — many-headed, 1. oblong- 
lanceolate sinuate spinous, outer scales of the involucre bipin- 
natifid spinous, inner linear-lanceolate attenuated acute ciliated 
in the lower half, bracts shorter than the heads. — E. B. 1144. — 
St. 6 — 12 in. high, usually cottony, leafy. Root 1. lanceolate or 
hnear-lanceolate. Under side of the 1. and involucral scales often 
cottony. Heads large, inner involucral scales cream-colom’ed, 
florets red, anth. yellow. — Di-y sandy heaths. B. VII. — X. 
[C. racemosa (L.) ; 1. lanceolate sinuate spinose, heads in the 
axils of the dichotomous st. or terminal, inner inv. -scales radiant 
yellow, bracts longer than the heads. — A single specimen found 
in the isle of Arran, I. Mr. Andrews. Land. Journ. Bot. iv. 570.] 
Section 2. CENTAURE./E. Heads many-flowered, discoidal, 
outer row of florets usually barren enlarged and irregular. Invo- 
lucre of many rows. Filaments distinct. Pappus in many rows 
of different lengths, second row longest, setaceo-pilose, placed 
within the mai’giu which surrounds the epigynous disk, rarely 0. 
