CENTAURKA. 
181 
28. Ckntaurea Linn. 
* Involucral scales with a scariotts pectinated not decurrent 
appendage. 
1. C. Jacea (L.); involucral appendages torn the outer ones 
pinimtiiid quite covering the inv., heads radiiint, pappus 0, 1. 
linear-lanceolate lower ones broader and toothed. — E. li. 1()78. 
— Lower 1. ovate-lanceolate, stalked, toothed. Involucre pale 
brown, few outermost scales with appendages dcejily jagged in a 
pinnatitid maimer, few innermost entire, the rest irregularly 
jagged. I have seen no native specimens. — Very rare. Susse.x. 
Borrer. Angusshire and Belfast. Hooker. P. VIII. IX. 
2. C. nigra (L.); involucral appendages erect ovate-attenuate 
pectinated quite covering the inv. : teeth divaricated capillary 
twice as long as the breadth of the ajipendage, pappus very short 
tufted, 1. lanceolate sinuate-dentate. — E. B. 278. — St. 1 — 2 feet 
high. L. scabrous. Inv. -scales light brown or yellow ; appen- 
dages dark, of the outermost smaller and narrower than the others; 
of the innermost roundish, dark brow'ii, membranous, jagged but 
not pectinated ; all contracted just below the ajipendage ; the 
upper ones crowded. Heads not raihant, florets all fertile purjile 
or rarely white. — 13. radiata ; outer row of florets barren and ra- 
diant. — Meadows and pastures. P. VIII. IX. Black Knapweed. 
3. C. nigrescens (“Willd.,” Koch); involucral aj^pendages 
erect ovate pectinated about 3 innermost rows separated from the 
rest and exposing the scales : teeth ascending capillary at least 
as long as the breadth of the appendage, pappus almost wanting, 
1. linear-lanceolate lower ones ovate sinuate-dentate or lyrate- 
sinuate. — Resembles C. nigra but, I think, distinct. Involucral 
scales pale: appendages dark, of the outermost small, of succeeding 
rows broader and broader, of about the 3 innermost rows roundish 
and jagged irregularly. Heads usually radiant. — Meadows and 
pastures in the West of England. P. VI.— IX. E. 
** Involucral scales lanceolate, their upper half with a somewhat 
scarious deeply toothed or fringed decurrent margin. 
4. C. Cyanus (L.); involucral scales erect adpressed deeply 
toothed, pappus as long as the fruit, 1. linear -lanceolate, the 
lowermost toothed or pinnatifid. — E. B. 277. — St. 1 — 3 feet high, 
loosely cottony, leafy. L. slightly cottony above, densely beneath. 
Involucre greenish-yellow, scales often tinged with purple in 
their upper half, mai'gins brown decurrent with whitish teeth. 
Heads with large radiant blue flowers, disk purple. — Corn-fields. 
A. VI. — VIII. Corn Bluebottle. 
5. C. Scabiosa (L.); involucral scales erect adpressed pecti- 
nated : teeth ascending setaceous, pappus as long as the fruit, 1. 
