ONOl’OnmjM. — CAUDUUS. 
183 
few of the innermost narrowed very gradually into a short rigid 
straight j)oint, the margins searious. Scarcely any trace of a 
weh unless on the very youngest heads. — There is some confu- 
sion in the figures in E. H . — Waste places, not very common. 
13. V'll. VIII. Great Burdock. 
2. A. minus (Schkuhr) ; heads racemose, involucral scales con- 
nected by a cobweb-like (lown, inner ones coloured subulate ra- 
ther abruptly mucronate shorter than the florets. — Lappa Koch. 
— L. rather smaller than in the last. Heads smaller ; involu- 
cral scales nearly all tinged with pnrj)le, many of the inner ones 
without hooks but narrowed rather suddenly into an almost 
straight rigid point. Web often very slight. — Waste places. 
B. VII. VIII. Lesser Burdock. 
30. Onopordum Linn. 
I. 0. Acanthium (L.) ; st. erect many-headed, 1. elliptic-ob- 
long woolly on both sides sinuate spinous decurrent, outer invo- 
lucral scales lanceolate-subulate recurved and spreading. — E. B. 
977- — St. 4 — 6 feet high, woolly, with broad spinous wings, 
branched. Involucre nearly globose, large, somewhat cottony ; 
scales fringed with minute spinous teeth. Florets pm’ple. — 
Waste ground. B. VIII. Cotton Thistle. E. S. 
31. Carduus Linn. Thistle. 
[Many hybrids occur in this genus.] 
* Pappus rough. Carduus Sm., DC., Koch. 
1. C. nutans (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinous lanceolate sinuated, 
heads solitary drooping hemisjdierical, involucral scales lanceolate 
cottony outer ones rejiexed. — E. B. 1112. — St. 2 feet high, erect, 
angular, furrowed, cottony, winged. L. hairy on both sides, 
woolly on the veins beneath, ])innatifid with 3-lobed wavy spinose- 
ciliated segments terminated by strong spines. Heads large, 
£1. purple. Interm. inv. -scales contracted above the base and then 
lanceolate. — Dr. Hooker informs me that the common C. nutans 
of England is C. onopordioides (Fisch.) and that the true C. nu- 
tans is to be found near Exeter. I have not seen the latter nor 
Fischer’s plant and cannot determine them from the descriptions. 
— Waste ground. B. V. — VIII. 
2. C. acanthoides {L.) ; 1. decun’ent spinose-ciliated lanceolate 
glabrous or cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid : lobes trifid and 
dentate, heads solitary or aggregated roundish, involucral scales 
linear- subulate erect or ascending. — E. B. 973. — St. about 3 feet 
high. L. broadly lanceolate nearly glabrous beneath, heads usu- 
ally solitary and stalked. C. acanthoides L. — /3. crispus ; 1. nar- 
rower woolly beneath, heads usually aggregate. C. crispus L. — 
I find no permanent character by which to separate these plants. 
