186 
4G. COMPOSITiE. 
11. C. acaulis {L.) ; 1. glabrous rudical lanceolate pinnatifid ; 
lobes subtrifid spinose, involucre ovate glabrous nearly sessile 
mostly solitary : outer scales ovate inner ones gradually longer 
adpressed, root with filiform fibres. — E. B. 161. St. 24. 16. — St. 
generally wanting, sometimes 3 — 4 in. long, leafy, woolly. L. all 
stalked, glabrous except a few hairs upon the ribs beneath. 
Heads very large, fl. crimson. — /3. dubius (Willd.); st. much 
branched woolly a foot or more in height. C. dubius Willd. Fl. 
Berol. f. 11. C. Roseni Vill. Delj)h. t. 21. — Dry calcareous pas- 
tures. (3. Salfron Walden, Esse.x. Mr. G.S. Gibson. P. VII. — IX. 
12. C. keteroplnjllus (L.); 1. clasping not decurrent glabrous 
above white and downy beneath lanceolate serrated fringed with 
minute prickles, root 1. with long stalks clasping at the base, in- 
volucres ovate slightly downy ; scales ovate or lanceolate acumi- 
nate adpressed. — E. B. 675. — Root creeping. St. 3 — 4 feet high, 
furrowed, cottony, slightly branched above. Heads large and 
handsome. L. very large, undivided. — Moist mountain pastures. 
P. VII. VIII. E. S. 
Section 4. SILYBEJE. Filaments monadelphous. Pappus 
in many rows. 
32. SiLYBUM Gaert. Milk Thistle. 
1. S. marianum (Gaert.). — Carduus Sm., E. B. 976. — St. 3 — 4 
feet high, ribbed and furrowed. L. very large, oblong-lanceolate, 
wavy, clasj)ing; radical 1. jnnnatifid, usually variegated with green 
and milk-white. Heads large, globose. Involucral scales closely 
adpressed below. Florets purple, their tube very long. — Waste 
places. B. VI. VII. 
Sections. SERRATULEjE. Heads many-flowered; florets 
all tubular, hermaphrodite or dioecious, the external row sometimes 
female. Involucre of many rows of distinct scales. Filaments 
distinct. Pajrpus in many rows of different lengths, inner row 
longest, jfilose or plumose, surrounded by a margin. 
33. Serratula Linn . 
1. S. tinctoria (L.); 1. with bristly serratures pinnatifid some- 
what lyrate, heads oblong corymbose, involucral scales ovate 
adpressed, inner ones linear coloured. — E. B. 38. St. 3. 16. — 
St. 2 — 3 feet high, straight, erect, angular, branched above. 
L. variously pinnatifid or lyrate. Florets pmple. — Groves and 
thickets. P. VIII. Saw-wort. E. S. 
