( XXIII ) 
VITAL STATISTICS :— POPULATION ; BIRTHS; DEATHS; 
EMIGRATION; METEOROLOGY; IMPORTATIONS OF 
GRAIN; SALES OF BRITISH WHEAT; PRICES OF 
CORN AND OTHER PRODUCE ; AND PAUPERISM, &c. 
[The facts are derived chiefly from the Beports of the Eegisteae-Genekal ; 
the Meteorological liepm-ts of Mr. Glaishee; the Returns of </ie Boaed 
OF Trade, and of the Inspectoe-Genekal of Imports and Exports.] 
Population of the United Kingdom, estimated to the middle of 
the year 1870 (exclusive of islands in the British seas) : — 
Males 14,805 ,183 
Females .. 16,033,027 
30,838,310 
tlacd. 
8 , 640 2 , 
Females.. .. 11,454,258 1,704,197 2,874,572 
England. Scotland. Ireland. 
Males .. .. 10,635,905 1,518,640 2,650,638 
Total .. 22,090,163 3,222,837 5,525,210 
ENGLAND AND WALES. 
BiKTHS and Deaths in the First Six Months of 1870. 
Winter Quarter {January, February, March). — Births registered were 
206,441. The annual birth-rate of the season to 1000 persons living 
was 38'0o ; the average derived from ten corresponding winters of 
1860-69 was 37-02. Deaths registered were 143,991. The annual 
death-rate of the season per 1000 of population was 26-54; the 
average derived from ten corresponding winters of 1 860-69 was 25-82. 
The deaths in the first quarter of the year exceeded by more than 
10,000 the deaths in the previous winter, and by more than 24,000 
the deaths in the milder winter of 1868 ; such was the effect of cold. 
The weather of February, 1868, was moie like spring than winter, 
and at the end of the month trees and shrubs were budding. A 
difference of 3° in lowness of temperature for 90 days was the chief 
cause of a difference of 4 per 1000 in the death-rate. Of the 143,991 
deaths, 32,607 were infants under one year of age. Small-pox was 
only fatal to 405 persons ; but measles, scarlet-fever, diphtheria, 
whooping-cough, fever in its various forms, and diarrhoea slew 
nearly twice 10,000 victims in the first 90 days of the year. 
