( XXIV ) 
The excess of mortality occurred almost entirely in the small 
town and country districts, where the death-rate rose from an 
average of 22 9 to 24'9. In the town districts it rose from an ave- 
rage of 27'2 to 27-8. In the following towns and cities the mortality 
greatly exceeded the average ; it was 31'7 per 1000 of population in 
Bristol, 32-7 in Manchester, 31-6 in Edinburgh, and 36*6 in Glasgow. 
The marriage-rate of England, which had been depressed for some 
time, was unusually low ; a severe winter and the continued stag- 
nation of trade cast a shadow over the prospects of the people. 
The average price of wheat, which was 72s. 2d. in the winter of 
1868, and 50s. 2c?. in the same period of 1869, fell to 42s. 3c?. per 
quarter in the winter of 1870. This marked reduction represents a 
fall of 41 per cent, in the eight seasons, and of 16 per cent, in the 
last four seasons. Potatoes were cheaper ; the best quality at tha 
Waterside Market, Southwark, sold on an average at 102s. 6rf. per ton 
(5s. \\d. per cwt.) ; this was lower by 45s. per ton or 2s. Zd. per cwt. 
than in the winter of 1868, and somewhat lower than the price in 
the same season of 1869. 
The wholesale price of meat at Smithfield Market has varied little- 
since the winter of last year. The average price of beef in the two 
winters of 1869 and 1870 was Qd. per lb. and bid. respectively ; of 
mutton Q\d. per lb. and 6id. per lb. 
Emigration carried off 32,627 people from the ports of the United 
Kingdom, at which there are emigration offices, in the 90 days ; and 
of them about 14,296 were of English origin. On an average a ship- 
load of about 159 English emigrants sailed daily to the Australian 
Colonies, British North America, the United States, and other places. 
11,754 of the emigrants sailed to the United States, 1933 to the- 
Australian Colonies. 
Of the Irish 11,757, of the Scotch 2846 emigrated ; about 3728 of 
the emigrants from the ports were foreigners. To show the migra- 
tory force of the several populations of the United Kingdom, the- 
emigrants must be compared with the population ; and if this is 
done, the annual rates of emigration run in the following order : — 
England 2"6, Scotland 3-5, Ireland 8'5 to 1000 inhabitants. Th^ 
emigrating force is feeblest in England, strongest in Ireland. 
Spring Quarter (April, May, June). — Births registered were 203,484.. 
The annual birth-rate of the season per 1000 of population was 
37'00 ; the average of ten springs (1860-69) was 36*52. Deaths 
registered were 121,246. The annual death-rate of the season per 
1000 of population was 22-05; the average often springs (1860-69) 
was also 22*05. 
The mortality which had been so high in the severe winter of 
