Report on Cheshire Dairy-Farming. 
1C5 
tillage, 84 acres in permanent pasture, and the remainder in 
seeds, which remained six or seven years until broken up in rota- 
tion, according to the shift adopted. Since the cattle-plague, 
although the same principle of farming has been adhered to, the 
area of land under tillage has been increased to 80 acres, the 
number of dairy-cows has been reduced, and more sheep have 
been kept in their stead. The seeds having been broken up, the 
rotation on this farm is the following: (1) oats; (2) early po- 
tatoes, followed by swedes transplanted from a seed-bed ; (3) 
wheat ; (4) oats, with seeds which remain several years, Mr. 
Whitlow now has his landlord's permission to break up his per- 
manent grass — a course of tillage being likely to improve the 
sward. 
Mr. Jackson's farm at Tattenhall, near Chester, is the other 
example selected. It is the property of Robert Barbour, Esq., 
of Bolesworth Castle, and consists of about 330 acres, which are 
divided into three portions of a little more than 100 acres each. 
One-third is permanent ^pasture and irrigated meadow, not 
allowed to be ploughed up ; a second third is worked on a double 
four-course system, followed by seeds which remain eight years ; 
and the remaining third is cropped on a double five-course 
system, the last course being seeds which remain during the 
next ten years. To make these systems perfectly intelligible, 
I will at once give the details of the courses of cropping. The 
four-course 100 acres are divided into eight fields, half of 
which are always in seeds laid down for pasture ; on the 
other half we have the following : (1) oats ; (2) wheat ; (3) 
beans and roots ; (4) barley, with clover ; then the course is 
varied to (5) clover; (6) wheat; (7) beans and roots; (8) barlev 
and seeds remaining eight years, oats being omitted. Thus, with 
the exception that oats are replaced in No. 5 by clover, we have 
a double four-course followed by seeds remaining eight years 
in pasture. The five-course 100 acres is similarly divided into 
ten fields, half of which are cropped as follows: (1) oats; (2) 
wheat ; (3) beans and roots ; (4) barley ; (5) seeds, which is 
repeated exactly, the seeds of the second rotation remaining 
another ten years in pasture. 
The peculiarity of management illustrated by Mr. Whitlow's 
farm was noticed by Mr. White, in his Prize-essay already quoted. 
He observed that it was " almost peculiar to a district of the 
county which borders on the Duke of Bridgewater's Canal, between 
Runcorn and Altrincham ; the principal object of the farmer being 
to raise early crops for the Manchester markets, as he has the 
double advantage of canal-carriage for his produce and of bringing 
back manure to his farm at a reasonable cost — no tonnage-dues 
being levied, and only a small charge for wharfage." Mr. Whit- 
