5.7(5 
Report on the Cheese- Factor ij Sijstein ; 
fust cheese factory on the New York principle. In the mean- 
time that principle had, slowly but surely, obtained a footing: in 
the Empire State, and by the end of the year in which the Fac- 
tory-system was first established in Ohio, no less than eighty 
factories were in operation in New York. 
The original factory of Mr. Jesse Williams stood alone from 
1851, the year in which it was erected, until 1854, when four 
were established. For some years after the system progressed 
'.slowly, the number of new factories having been two in 1855, 
three each in 1856 and 57, and four each in 1858 and 59. 
The number of new factories annually erected then suddenly 
increased coincident with a very remarkable expansion of the 
■export trade. Thus in 1860 there were seventeen, in 1861 
eighteen, and in 1862 twenty-five. This may be considered the 
second epoch in the history of Associated Dairies, the third and 
last period being that in which private dairies were practically 
abandoned, and nearly the whole of the milk sent to factories. 
Therefore we find that in 1863 the large number of I'll factories 
were erected in the State of New York, while in 1864 the enor- 
mous increase of 210 new establishments was reported. But 
there is a limit to the possible number even of cheese factories 
iin one American State ; accordingly only 52 were erected in 
1865, and 46 in 1866. Thus three years ago no less than 500 
cheese-factories were in full operation in the State of New York 
alone ; and, taking the average number of cows supplying each 
with milk at only 400, we get the enormous total of 200,000 
cows, the milk of which is thus manufactured into cheese. 
These facts are sufficient to give an idea of the importaiice and 
success of the system, but they do not represent the whole mag- 
nitude of the business ; for what has been achieved in this way is 
anot confined to the State of New York, nor even to cheese-fac- 
tories. The associated dairies now comprise a very large number 
of butter-factories, and the principle of association is in full 
operation in every State in the Union where dairying forms a 
prominent branch of agriculture, as well as in Canada, and even 
in Sweden. 
The methods resorted to when it is required to establish a 
factory are briefly the following: — A certain number of dairy- 
men, keeping, in the aggregate, from 300 to 1000 cows, having 
agreed to " turn in their dairies," that is, to send their milk to 
the factory, one of two systems is adc^ted. One system is 
carried out by a committee of dairymen being appointed to 
collect information on the mode of procedure in successful fac- 
tories, to select a site, cScc, and then to report to the members 
of the Association. The preliminaries having been arranged, 
directors are chosen, and rules drawn up and agreed to ; the 
