and its adaptability to English Dairy Districts. 185 
are put. But first, let me say a word about the organisation of 
our cheese factories. 
There are but few factories where the milk is purchased and 
business carried on wholly under control of one or more pro- 
piietors, thus making it a separate and distinct interest from 
that of patrons. The popular method of organising factories, 
and one which seems to give the best satisfaction, is to make 
them joint-stock affairs. 
The ground is selected, an estimate made of buildings, 
machinerv. and fixtures ; then the whole cost is divided up into 
shares of 50 or 100 dollars each.* The neighbouring farmers, or 
those favourable to the movement, take stock in proportion to 
the number of cows from which they are to deliver milk. 
Officers are chosen, and the company managed on the joint- 
stock principle. Usually, some one of the party is selected as 
salesman, who makes sale of cheese at best prices, makes up the 
dividends, and pays over shares to patrons whenever a sale is 
effected, deducting, of course, the price of manufacturing, which 
is fixed at a point to cover any expenses, including 10 per cent, 
on cost of buildings and fixtures. A good cheese-manufacturer 
is employed as manager, either at a salary or at a certain price 
per pound of the cheese made. This manager employs his own 
labourers, and is at all the expense of running the factory, 
keeping record of milk delivered, entering it in books of the 
company, and on the pass-books of farmers ; and also is to care 
for the cheese while curing, &c., &c. The milk is weighed at the 
factory as it is delivered, as experience has shown that every 
10 lbs. of milk will, on an average, through the season make 
1 lb. of cured cheese, firm, solid, and in good marketable condi- 
tion. Each farmer thus has a daily record in his own pass-book 
of what his herd is yielding. 
The manager is employed with the understanding that he 
is to make a good article, and his product is examined from 
time to time by committees of the company and experts, and 
by farmers, when they deliver milk as they choose, and hence 
any mismanagement is soon discovered. If his work is not 
satisfactory he is discharged, or held responsible for damages. 
The stockholders and those delivering milk meet from time 
to time and deliberate as to sales, each votin? according: to his 
number of cows ; and thus instructions are issued to the sales- 
man. 
But there is another method : one man, or a company, erects 
buildings, and is at all expense in running the factory, charging 
by the pound for manufacturing. In this case the farmers of 
* to 20Z. 
