Village Sanitary Economy. 
227 
knowledge wc now possess of tlie mode of mixing it for the purpose, 
cannot fail to l)ring concrete tanks of all sizes into frequent use, 
whereby the expense will be somewhat reduced. 
But, in considering the relative advantage of private and 
public supplies, it should not be overlooked that where water 
is derived from private sources no provision can be made for 
meeting those public requirements which are as desirable in 
villages as in towns, such as watering roads, a reserve for extin- 
guishing fires, providing wash-houses and baths for the poor, 
and public urinals, and also for the periodical flushing of sewers 
and waterclosets. 
JVatcr-Supply by Public Co-operation. 
Failing sufficiency or proper quality from either of the three 
private sources enumerated, there remains to be considered how 
a village may be economically supplied by public co-operation. 
It is not improbable that, even where private sources now exist, 
a public supply may, under a combination of advantageous 
circumstances, be the cheaper means of service. 
The various means at command may be classified under the 
following heads : — 
I. The use of a constant or an intermittent supply 
existing above the village, and conducted to it by 
gravitation. 
II. The raising of subterranean water lying beneath or 
near the village. 
III. The use of a stream near at hand, but at a lower 
level than the village, both as a supply and as motive 
power to raise the required quantity ; and 
IV. The use of steam-power in the place of other motors. 
I. The Use of a Constant or an Intermittent Supply, existing 
above the Village, and conducted to it by Gravitation. — This de- 
scription of supply will include that to be obtained from a 
running stream or from ""under-drainage, either where the dis- 
charge is constant or intermittent. Upon the capability of 
abstracting a sufficient supply for a village from an existing 
stream running at a higher level, and in sufficient volume to 
allow of the abstraction without interfering with its use to existing 
Avater-right owners, it is unnecessary to dwell, as the instances 
are rare where the capability exists, and where the owners of 
such rights are willing that an abstraction of the sort should be 
made without compensation. There are some instances, however, 
where the exceptional circumstances exist, and they are to be 
found where properties are large, and where the same owner has 
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