260 Report on the Farm-Prize Competition, 1870. 
Cattle. — A dairy of 50 cows is generally kept. The milk is 
made into butter, which is sent to the Metropolitan Market. 
In summer the cows are kept on the pastures, in winter they 
are tied up in stalls and fed well with roots, hay- and straw-chafF, 
and cake. 
Twenty calves are reared annually, and 12 heifers are annually 
added to the dairy. The draft cows are fatted off, as also are 
all steer-calves and heifers (not required for the dairy) at 3 years 
old. This gives an average stock of 110 cattle both in summer 
and winter. All the young stock are supplied with cake and 
chaff in the winter, as well as with roots. 
The cows are all shorthorns, of a very useful description, and 
appeared to be in excellent condition. 
The young stock, according to their different ages, were grazing 
in the pasture fields, and were in that healthy and satisfactory 
state in which young animals ought to be kept, that is, neither 
too lean nor too fat. 
Sheep. — A flock of 220 Oxford Down Ewes is kept, and 
they generally produce about 270 lambs. 
About 50 theaves are put into the flock every year, and 50 or 
60 yearling rams are sold annually in the month of August. All 
the draft ewes are fatted before they are sold, as are also all the 
hoggets not kept as rams, or put into the flock. 
About 80 sheep are bought in the autumn in addition to 
those bred, so that there is generally a winter stock of nearly 
600 sheep. 
In summer, as well as in winter, all the green crops are 
hurdled off. No sheep run at large except on the pastures. In 
early spring the ewes and lambs take the rye, having mangolds 
thrown to them with chaff and cake. The lambs run forward 
and take the fresh feed, and soon learn to share the cake with 
their dams. 
Vetches succeed rye, which are hurdled and fed off in exactly 
the same way. As Mr. Treadwell's sheep arrangements are car- 
ried out in a very superior way, I think 1 cannot do better than 
give a detailed description of it in his own words : — 
" On the 1st of September, or a little earlier, according to 
circumstances, I draft my ewes into small lots in different pas- 
tures, using about 5 rams ; of course the ewes are drawn to suit 
the different rams ; about the middle of October the ewes are 
put all together again with two rams (probably different sheep, to 
catch those that turn again), and brought on to the seeds, and 
to clear up any food we can spare on the arable land, such as 
mangold-tops, «Scc. The rams are taken away in the middle 
of November, and the ewes drafted out all over the pastures, 
where they are kept until we can sjiare some turnips, or rye, or 
