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XVI.— Ort the Dairy- Factories of Sweden. By M. Juhlin- 
Dannfelt, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm and 
Agricultural College at Stockholm. 
[lu Two Letters to the Editor.] 
Previous to laying before you the information which I have 
obtained, at your request, on the subject of Swedish dairy- 
factories, I must in a few words direct your attention to several 
circumstances, peculiar to our country, which exercise an essen- 
tial influence on its farming, and especially on the keeping of 
cattle. I take the liberty, first, to refer to a short description of 
the agriculture of Sweden, which I have furnished at the request 
of my friend Mr. James Howard, and which you will find in 
No. 1985 of the 'Mark Lane Express.' You will see from it 
that the greater part of the land of Sweden is divided into small 
farms, which are cultivated by the peasants owning them, and on 
which the number of cows kept for breeding, or for the production 
of milk, seldom exceeds ten or fifteen. The quantity of milk ob- 
tained on these farms is therefore small, especially as the animals 
generally receive insufficient nourishment during the long 
winter. One consequence has been that, as large quantities 
of milk are indispensable for a regular and rational method 
of dairying, this branch of husbandry has not until lately been 
developed to any considerable degree, although the climate, the 
nature of the country, and the manner of living of its inhabitants, 
are all favourable to its advancement. In order to further this 
object, various measures have been taken during the last ten 
years, both by the Government and by agricultural societies, 
and efforts have been directed towards drawing the attention of 
the small farmer to the advantages to be gained by the applica- 
tion of the idea of association to this branch of husbandry. 
These endeavours are, however, of too recent a date to have as 
yet produced any very obvious results ; but from what has 
already been gained, it is evident that the dairy-factories con- 
stitute the most powerful means of obtaining on small farms a 
considerable revenue from dairy-produce. The price which the 
milk has realized by such associations greatly exceeds what the 
small farmers — especially those in the northern provinces — have 
hitherto been able to obtain for it single-handed. The system 
is therefore gaining ground daily, and is exercising a beneficial 
influence on this class of farmers, as well as stimulating a more 
careful treatment of the cattle ; and this influence is already re- 
acting in a salutary manner on other branches of agriculture. 
The modes in which dairy- factories have hitherto bee» 
arranged varies in different places. In some districts a person 
