324 The Dairy-Factories of Sweden. 
— generally some tolerably wealthy farmer — purchases, at a 
certain price, the milk produced on neighbouring farms, and 
subsequently prepares butter and cheese from it ; the owners or 
tenants of the farms taking no part either in the profits or losses. 
In other places, on the other hand, where more agreement and 
confidence prevail between neighbours, several persons residing 
within the same village, or in each other's neighbourhood, have 
established a dairy-factory, which is worked on the account of 
all the proprietors, and the profits of which are divided pro rata 
parte. The best results have been obtained by the latter method ; 
and it will, beyond doubt, become the more general, being of 
incomparably greater advantage to all concerned. 
After these brief introductory remarks, 1 now proceed to 
answer your queries, 
1. Average Number of Cows. — From 50 to 200 ; the average 
number about 100. Experience has, however, proved that 
wherever a factory has been established the number of cows 
has speedily increased. 
2. Size of Buildings. — This depends to a great degree on local 
circumstances, and the system followed in the management of 
the milk. Most of the dairies are managed according to the 
so-called cold-water system ; by which expensive cellars are 
avoided. Such a dairy generally consists of a building from 
50 to 60 feet long, and from 25 to 35 broad, containing a milk- 
room (being either a cellar, on the Holstein system ; or, where 
the cold-water system is introduced, a room with splint walls and 
a water reservoir) ; a curd-ldtclien, where the cheese is made ; a 
cheese-room, where the ready-made cheese is kept and ripened ; 
a butter-cellar, and one or two dwelling -rooms. There are, besides, 
in several dairies, a churn-room and a room used for the sale of 
part of the milk, where either the skimmed or new milk, or the 
buttermilk, is disposed of directly from the dairy. Most of these 
dairy-houses are built of wood. 
3. Cost of Buildings. — The cost of such a building greatly 
depends on the price of the timber and the labour, the disposi- 
tion of the interior, «Scc., &c. Thus, in the northern provinces, 
where there is an abundance of timber, and where the labour is 
generally performed by the associates themselves, it is stated not 
to exceed 50/. to 70Z. ; but in the middle and southern provinces, 
on the other hand, it probably amounts to from 120Z. to 150/. 
4. Cost of Machinery. — The machinery is generally exceedingly 
simple, especially in the northern provinces. There it is stated 
that this cost amounts, at the most, to only 15/. ; in the middle 
provinces, to from 30/. to 50/. ; and in the southern, to as much 
as 100/., in which, however, are included a boiler, with a system 
of tubes or pipes leading to a double-bottomed curd-tub, a hot- 
