328 
The Dairy-Factories of Sweden. 
By one dairy-factory it was stated that, in 1868, 3820 
gallons of milk were used in making butter ; 9830 gallons of 
milk were used in making new-milk cheese ; and 2430 gallons 
of milk were used in making skimmed-milk cheese. 
The quantities of cheese and butter obtained from the above 
amounted to — 
1640 English pounds of Cheddar cheese. 
6660 „ „ Swiss cheese (Emmenthaler). 
1725 „ „ Skimmed-milk cheese, and 
1385 „ „ Butter. 
With regard to the dairy-factories in the northern provinces, 
it is stated that on an average 2 "kannor" of milk (1'15 gallon) 
are needed for 1 Swedish pound * of fat cheese, and 5 " kannor " 
(2' 8 gallons) for 1 Swedish pound of butter. While the cattle 
are feeding on the rich pastures of the mountains no more than 
3f " kannor" are required for 1 pound of butter, and li " kannor " 
for 1 pound of fat cheese. 
10. Charge for making, and Mode in which the Charge is 
made. — In the north, where the cost of fuel is not reckoned, this 
charge is stated to amount to from 1 to 2 ore ; in the middle 
provinces to 2^ ore ; and in the southern to 3 ore per " kanna" 
of milk,t all the costs of management being included in this. 
11. Disposal of the Whey.—\\\ the north, where the whey is of 
very little value, it is used for making butter and cheese, which 
fetch from 12 to 15, and even 18 ore per pound (If^. to 2Jrf). In 
other parts of the country, the whey is mostly given to pigs, and 
in that case realized at a much lower rate, scarcely 1 ore per 
kanna {i- penny for 0"6 gallon). It has, however, of late been 
used also for feeding calves. 
12. Average Dividend to the Proprietors of the Factory. — The 
average price of the milk sold at the factories, owned by com- 
panies, has amounted to 20 ore per "kanna" {bd. per gallon); 
and sometimes to much more, having even exceeded 26 ore {&\d. 
per gallon. 
The above answers to your queries are, certainly, incomplete, 
but they are such as it has been in my power to give you. In order 
to give you an idea of one of our best dairy-factories, I have pro- 
cured a drawing of it (see pp. 326 and 327). This dairy is managed 
according to the cold-water system, — a method, the more general 
introduction of which has exercised an extremely beneficial 
influence on the rational management of the dairy in our country. 
Supposing whey-cheese to be unknown in your country, 1 have. 
* The Swedish pound is equal to about 15 ounces avoirdupois. 
t Seven ore are equal to one penny; and IJ kannor go to an imperial gallon. 
