492 Report of the Trials of Implements at Oxford. 
tition, and the trials in the latter class especially were carefully watched. 
Two distinct principles were seen in the different machines, viz., a barrel or 
cylinder with knives on the surface, and spaces or openings tlirough which 
the cut root passed ; and a disc carrying the cutters, the cut stuff jmssing 
through openings on the face of the disc, the difference between cutters 
and i)ulpers being simply the form of the knife. After a very jiatient inquiry 
the Judges were unanimously of opinion that tlie disc principle was right, 
especially in the case of pulpers, for several reasons. The centrifugal force in 
the barrel tends to throw the root away when it comes in contact, and to give 
it a rolling action ; this adds to the work, and, in the case of a pulper, 
causes a portion of the juice to be squeezed out of the root, which is a great 
drawback. The Judges took particular notice of the keeping properties of 
mangold pulp as cut liy different machines. In many instances when the 
barrel is used the change was rapid, the pulp turning quite dark after 3 or 4 
hours, whilst in the best instance of disc cutting it was fresh and little altered 
after 72 hours. That machine which cuts the mangold sufficiently fine, with 
the least loss of juice, must be the right machine provided we get a fair 
amoimt of work done. The difference in the (juantity of liquid produced 
during the experiments was very great. The plan adopted in the trials of 
both cutters and p)ulpers was to allow a given weight of roots in each case. 
Note the time occupied and the power consumed. We proceed to notice the 
three machines to which prizes were awarded in Class 1 for turnip and root 
cutters by hand power. 
In Hornsby's Turnip Cutter ilxc. knives on the disc occupy just the same 
position in relation to the disc that the knives of a chaft' cutter do to the fly- 
wheel, and for the same reason, — that the knives may be constantly cutting. 
To make the simile complete we must imagine that the hopper full of roots 
represents the box full of straw, the pressure of the roots above acting like 
the rollers on the chaff' machine in keeping the material against the knife. 
There arc 13 cutters on each side of the shaft, each cutter ijerfectly distinct, and 
attached in position by a small nut and bolt very similar to Gardner's original 
knives, plenty of space being left above the knife for the cut turnip to pass 
through, and these openings are the only exit for the root, inasmuch as the cir- 
cumference of the disc carries a number of projections at right angles to the disc, 
and which come close up to the face plate, and thus this machine, like the 
SECTION VII.— CLASS 1. 
Table XV. — Eesults of Trials of Turnip Cutters by Haxd Power 
(each machine to cut up 2 cwt. of roots). 
Exhibitor. 
Number 
of 
Stand. 
Number 
of 
Article. 
Units of 
Power to 
cut 2 cwts. 
of Roots. 
Time to 
cut 
2 cwts. 
of Roots. 
Units of 
Power to cut 
1 lb. of 
Roots. 
Price. 
£ 
s. 
d. 
Woods and Co. . . 
1.55 
4058 
15,520 
4 
14 
C9-2 
5 
5 
0 
Hunt and Pickering 
64 
2034 
10,320 
4 
30 
45-C 
4 
5 
0 
R. Hornsby and Son 
27 
1308 
15,110 
3 
0 
67-4 
4 
10 
0 
E. H. Bentall 
20 
9fi8 
13,050 
5 
15 
58-2 
5 
5 
0 
T. Corbett .. .. 
245 
6345 
13,830 
4 
3 
61-74 
5 
5 
0 
23 
1104 
12,830 
3 
58 
57-27 
4 
5 
0 
Carson and Toone 
81 
2685 
22,430 
4 
59 
lOO'lS 
4 
10 
0 
Southwell and Co. 
157 
4179 
13,780 
8 
20 
61-57 
4 
4 
0 
