Report on the Tiials of Iiuflemcnts at Oxford. 499 
Section IX. — Dairy Implements. 
xVt the present time tbcre are few questions of more vital importance to tlic 
British farmer tlian those hearing upon tlie economic mana,t;ement of tlie 
dairy. Dr. Voclcker was tlie fust to deer}' tiie slovenly uni<cientific practices 
which we fear in many instances still jirevail, and to suijsest the treatment of 
this imix)rtant industry in a more business-like and commercial spirit. His 
words wore as idle tales to many, but the Americans soon made use of liis 
ideas. The ])roi;ress made in the last twenty years has been so great, that 
at the jiresent time .some of our finest cheese comes from there. They 
established the factory system, which we are more slowly adoptinc. In 
another part of the report will be found a description of the practice at Derby. 
A successful result or two will induce co-operation in other districts, and 
so we should not be surprised to find ere long factories all over the daiiy 
counties. 
Tlie milk trade for the supply of large centres has increased wonderfully 
since the cattle plague, and we hear that some American gentlemen have 
commenced operations in the vale of Aylesbury for the purpose of compress- 
ing the milk into a very small compass, thereby reducing the carriage and 
fitting it for consumption on shipboard in our colonies and large towns without 
deterioration. From all this work it is clear that the subject of dairy manage- 
ment is coming mider review, and it is well for this Societ\', which should be first 
to direct attention to such implements as experience and experiment prove to be 
the most suitable, that the Judges at Oxford were all practical men, who 
thoroughly imderstood the subject, and spared no pains to arrive at satisfactory 
decisions, amongst other things, submitting the Power Churns to a dynamometer 
test. This, though it may be interesting, is not of much ]iractical importance, 
since it is not a question of ]X)wer but of efficiency that decides the value of 
a churn. We may remark that neither the atmospheric nor the tubular churn 
were entered for trial. 
The following report was furnished bj Mr. Gilbert Murray : — 
At the meeting of the Eoyal Agricultural Socictj' at Manchester last year 
the Local Committee offered prizes for dairy imjilements, to adjudicate which, 
the judges of the miscellaneous department ordered a trial of churns. This 
trial was incomplete, inasmuch as no detailed results were furnished. It was, 
therefore suggested that the subject should come under consideration at Oxford ; 
and it was decided by the Council that henceforth dairy implements should 
form part of the implement classification, a decision which the importance of 
the subject justifies. 
Class 1. For Churns ivorhed liy hand power. — There were upwards of 
100 entries. As it was manifestly unfair to compare large and small churns 
for hand power, they were separated into two divisions, and whilst the whole of 
the class money was given to the former, the Council consented to allow the 
sum of 7/., not awarded in Class 3 (cheese tubs), to be divided into two prizes 
of 4Z. and 3?. respectivelj% and given for churns adajjted for small occupations. 
1"he award being — 
To Xo. .564. Thomas Bradford for his counter-current churn .. £4 
„ 3412. Phillip Johmstone 3 
The trials commenced on Tuesday with churns suited to small occujia- 
tions. It was deemed desirable to try each churn both with milk and 
cream. The trials began with the latter, Mr. Bradford's counter-current 
churn doing excellent work ; and the ease with which the butter was got 
together, and completely free from the buttermilk, without being touched 
by the hand, as also the facility its construction affords for perfectly cleansing 
