5 04 Report on the Trials of Implements at Oxford. 
ment ou the old principle. The pressure of each press was fairly tested, and 
compared with a weight of 1 ton IG cwts. 3 qi'S. 6 lbs. on the large i)resses, 
and 15 cwts. 3 qrs. 2 lbs. on the small i^resses. The Judges awarded the first 
prize to Southwell & Co., for article 4187, who showed the best principle of con- 
struction with good workmanship and material. The second was awarded to 
Mellard & Co., 5236 ; this was similar to the first-prize press, with the excep- 
tion that it had no graduation of the pressure on the fulcrum, and conse- 
quently a less range of continuous pressure. The third i^rize was awarded to 
Messrs. Cornes and Co., for a press, No. 2798, on exactly the same principle of 
construction. 
Class 5. Dairy Utensils. — In this class Alway & Son exhibited a fine col- 
lection, including everything necessary for the manufacture of butter, to which 
was awarded a prize of 21. 10s. ; and the same sum to Carson & Toone, for 
their cheese-turner, and general collection of cheese-dairy furniture. To 
Southwell & Co. was awarded a prize of 21. 10s., for their Cheshire and Scotch 
curd-mills. To James Cornes and Co., for their curd drainer and cheese making 
ap]iaratus, a useful invention, the Judges awarded a prize of 21. 10s. 
Mr. John Hutt, of Water-Eaton, rendered great assistance during the trials 
in furnishing milk and cream in large quantities on the shortest notice, and 
also dairymaids to make up the butter. 
This Eeport would be incomplete unless reference is made to the Atmospheric 
Churn. This was not entered for trial. But as it is specially recommended 
for its ability to obtain from new milk the whole of the butter, and leave the 
milk perfectly sweet for use, it was thought desirable to test this point, and 
a trial was arranged, which was superintended by Mr. Jackson. On July 
10, 10 lbs of the previous evening's milk was placed in a 2 gallon churn, 
at a temperature of 67° ; churning commenced at 1*35 p.m., at 1--12 butter 
in beautiful light granules appeared, and at 1'45 the work stopped; at 
1'55, 5 ozs. 14 drachms of tine butter was made up, and the buttermilk 
could not be distinguished by taste from ordinary skim milk, and it is 
remarkable that the largest amount of butter produced by any of the hand- 
churns from a similar quantity of milk only reaches 4 ozs. 14 grs., and 
the average amount obtained from the hand-churns was 4 ozs. and 4^ grs. 
Unfortunately this trial was supplementary, and no test was applied to deter- 
mine the quality of milk, as compared with that used in the other trials. 
The Judge believes it to have been superior, which may account for the 
result. This being the only churn that can successfully deal with new milk, 
it becomes of value to small establishments, when very fresh butter is wanted. 
The churns are made of various sizes, and a small one might often be cm- 
ployed with advantage. 
Bone-mills were not under trial at Bary. The competition at Oxford was 
limited to the Beverley Iron Company, Messrs. Crosskill and Sons, and Mr. 
James of Cheltenham. Oldham and Booth, though present, did not enter for 
trial. As far as we could judge there was neither novelty nor improvement in 
the Beverley machines. Both firms enjoy a reputation in this particular depart- 
ment, and make very strong and useful machinery. Mr. James's implements 
were altogether of a different character, much smaller, and adapted for horso- 
power. A short description of the entries may be interesting : — 
Beverley Iron and Waggon Company, 1504. — Varies in price according to 
whether it is suiiplied with wheels and travelling frame for a portable engine. 
Section X. — Bone Mills. 
Awards. 
1504. Beverley Iron and Waggon Company 
1505. Beverley Iron and Waggon Company 
623. W. Crosskill and Sons 
£9 
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