520 Report on the Trials of Implements at Oxford. 
these the steam is equally distributed ; when the proper temperature has been 
attained the rennet and annatto are added, the mass is well stirred, and is then 
covered up until the curd has formed. To facilitate the separation of the whey 
the curd is cut with knives specially constructed for that purpose, the tem- 
perature is then slowly raised, until the whey has arrived at a proper state of 
acidity ; it is then run off by means of a syphon into a drain in the floor, which 
conveys it into the whey cistern outside, the curd is then tipped into the dry 
vat, and is here well stirred by the hand and exposed to the atmosphere, the 
principal object being to lower the temperature of the curd before salting. 
In order to reduce manual labour to the minimum, in many of the American 
factories there is a difference of three feet in the level of the floor of the making- 
room, this is there called the drop ; by opening a trap in the end of the milk vat 
the curd is emptied into the dry vat without being touched by hand. Mr. Murray 
has introdiTced.! a considerable improvement by the application of a simple 
mechanical arrangement of the screw principle, by which, when the whey is 
run oft', the vat containing the curd is raised to the level of the dry vat ; the 
screws at each end of the vat are of different pitch of thread, so that when, 
elevated to its full height the one end is four inches higher than the other, 
a valve at the lower end is opened and the curd easily passes into the dry 
vat. The curd when salted is put into hoops, these are placed in the 
presses, and pressure of from 3 to 5 tons applied. The American i)resses 
consist of a screw working through a nut attached to a strong wooden beam ; 
a circular print, 6 inches in diameter, is loose reefed on to the bottom end of 
the screw ; this print is for the purjjose of distributing the pressure on the 
follower, which fits into the inside of the hoop on the top of the cheeses, 
the screw is turned by a hand lever fitting into holes in the print ; the 
only practical objection to this system is there is no continuous pressure. 
Mr. Murray has likewise invented a new press, by which a large number 
of cheeses can be pressed at the same time ; each cheese is placed separate, 
and the pressure applied by means of screws working in bevel gear and 
turned by a crank-handle. A ratchet-wheel, to which is attached a lever, is 
placed on the spindle, and by this means any amount of continuous pressure 
can be obtained, the cheese only requires to be kept from 10 to 12 hours in the 
press, they are then raised by a lift to an upper floor, where they are tm-ned 
daily until fit for market. 
Messrs. J. and B. Sainty, of Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire, exhibit several 
novelties. The first claiming our notice, for which they obtained a silver 
medal, is a simple and cheap form of wood covering for temporary buildings, 
walls in process of building, also for various pui-poscs in a garden as protection 
from frost, placing around trees in a park to keep ofl' cattle, &c. It is portable — 
rolling up into a small space — and light, being made of pdcces of deal, f by 
3i inches, lapping over each other ; the edge of the under board being bevelled, 
allows of the curve required for many purposes. The boards are fastened 
together by galvanised wire pins, being merely a loop with ends of wire twisted 
together. The openings for these pins being made across the grain of the 
Avood, there is no fear of their drawing out. The rows of pins should be about 
18 inches apart. The upper surface of the wood in the specimen is planed : 
this adds considerably to the expense, and is undesirable when tar is used. 
The roofing is made in lengths of about 3 feet 6 inches, but this may bo altered 
according to the purposes for which it is required. Price IZid. a yard, with 
one face planed. 
The next novelty of Messrs. Sainty's, which was highly commended, is a very 
excellent cattle crib, with angle-iron jMsts and wood iVame, which is so con- 
structed that four cattle must feed at opposite corners, and cannot disturb 
each other. Every practical farmer knows the difficulty of preventing master 
beasts disturbing their companions by pushing them away from the crib. 
