Agriculture of Hertfordshire. 291 
Summary op CitorpiNO. 
Date. 
Com 
Oops. 
Beans. 
Green' 
Total. 
1850 
73 
172 
245 
1851 
222 
23 
18S2 
136 
109 
1853 
140 
96 
1854 
158 
14 
73 
1855 
169 
14 
62 
1856 
149 
88 
237 
1857 
120 
5 
112 
1858 
173 
14 
50 
1859 
141 
96 
I860 
138 
6 
93 
1861 
129 
108 
1862 
155 
5 
77 
1863 
151 
86 
2063 
58 
1245 
3366 
Acres. 
The average yearly acreage of each crop has been : — Corn, 
147 , 5 7 ; beans, 4j. ; green crops, 88 1 f . 
An excess of horse-power is necessarily kept for occasional 
work connected with the estate and the experimental lands, 
giving a reserve force which can be concentrated on the farm 
when needed. Without this reserve, or that of steam, the above 
system of cropping would not be practicable. The fallows for 
roots are broken up in the autumn, with three or four horses, to 
a depth of 9 or 10 inches ; ploughed back in spring, then twice 
across, and bouted in 27-inch ridges. Swedes get 12 tons of 
dung per acre, and mangold about 25 tons of dung; of which, 
part is applied in autumn, and the remainder in spring. 2 cwts. 
of guano are sown on the dung, and 2 cwts. of superphosphate 
drilled with the seed. Mangolds are drilled the last week in 
April, Swedes the first week in June. They are horse-hoed, and 
cultivated in the usual way in all respects. The crop of Swedes 
averages 15 tons ; of mangolds, 30 tons per acre. Both are 
commonly drawn off the land. Salt has on this land proved 
even injurious as a manure for mangold. We saw a field just 
previous to storing (1863) where a trial of different weights of 
salt has been given at rates varying from 5 to 10 cwts. per acre, 
and in every instance the leaves looked yellow and the roots were 
smaller than when the salt was omitted, and the injurious effect 
was greater in proportion to the quantity of salt given. Wheat 
usually follows the roots after a 5-inch furrow, 2 bushels of seed 
per acre. Browick and Rostock (red varieties) are drilled in 
9-inch rows from the first week in October till the end y average 
crop, 35 bushels per acre s 
