Storing Turnips, Mangold, Potatoes, and Carrots. 361 
little frost will injure them, therefore all the heaps left in the 
field at night should be covered up with the leaves. 
They are best stored in long heaps of a triangular shape, about 
G feet wide at the base and 4 feet high. These heaps should 
receive an even coat of haulm. or straw, about 12 inches thick, and 
about three or four days afterwards they should have a covering 
of earth of about 8 or 10 inches thick, taken from a trench made 
on either side : bunches of straw should be left, about 4 feet 
apart, sticking out at the top of the ridge to let out the heat. If 
this precaution is not taken, the roots will often decay from 
heating. 
These heaps, or clamps as they are sometimes called, should 
be placed in some convenient spot close to the yards, and those 
that are to be consumed in the field by sheep should be placed 
on the headland of the field where rye-grass, rye, and tares, or 
some other spring feed is sown. This will save much labour 
in carting them a second time. 
The wringing the tops off and throwing the roots in heaps 
ready for carting is sometimes done by day-work with children, 
having a man to superintend them, at a cost of 4s. Qd. per acre ; 
the filling into carts and clamping will cost from 2s. to 2s. 6d. 
per acre. When the work is done entirely by men, it may be 
taken as piece-work at Gs. or Gs. Gd. per acre, according to the 
crop; this includes pulling and wringing the tops off, and filling 
into carts. The horse is, in this case, led up the centre of each 
six rows, so that the wheels will span the two centre rows ; three 
men follow each cart, taking two rows each ; one man will 
clamp (or stack) them as fast as six men can top and fill. The 
cost of horse-labour will depend upon the distance the roots are 
carried ; one-horse carts should always be used, if possible, as 
there is no loss of time in changing the trace-horse ; boys are 
generally employed to drive away. The covering with earth, if 
done by piece-work, costs lOd. to Is. per rod in length — that is, 
for digging the earth and covering up ; but the cheaper plan is 
to plough about eight furrows on each side the clamp as deep as 
possible, turning them to the heap ; the furrows are then laid on 
with a fork or spade, and the loose moulds put on with a shovel 
to fill up the spaces left by the clods ; this will cover each side 
of the heap within about two feet of the top ; they should be left 
in this state for a few* days to let out the heat, then a few more 
furrows should be ploughed in the bottom of the trenches, and 
thrown on to complete the covering to the top — bunches of 
straw or haulm being still left at intervals, as before mentioned, 
for ventilation. 
The heaps should be partially uncovered in March, about two 
feet of earth being taken off the top, and at intervals of four or 
