Report on Steam Cultivation at Newcastle. 
411 
lutions of the engine being carefully noted in each case. The Dynamometer 
described above was fixed a little distance from the engine, in such a position 
that the draft on the rope could bo registered as the implements travelled up 
the land ; each implement was allowed to proceed up and down in order to 
arrange the depth, the test was then applied, generally twice, the time 
accurately noted, and the distance measured through which the implement 
travelled. In each case a portion of soil was weighed, the width of work 
ascertained, and thus the actual draft for a given weight of soil moved was 
found. The work was laid bare right across each lot, so that the character of 
the bottom and the depth attained were apparent. In connection with this 
object we measured a square yard on the unbroken surface, and weighed the 
soil to a depth of six inches; the result was 3cwt. 2qrs. 15 lbs. ; this will 
be some guide as to the depth disturbed by each implement. 
Name. 
Num- 
ber in 
Cata- 
logue. 
Width 
taken 
by 
Imple- 
ment. 
Yards 
run. 
Time 
occu- 
pied. 
Draft 
in lbs. 
Weight 
at a Yard 
Square. 
Actual 
Horse- 
power 
em- 
ployed. 
Total 
Units of 
Power ex- 
pended. 
Earth 
moved, 
in Tons. 
Units nf 
Power 
required 
to move 
1 Ton. 
1. Howard A. ) 
Ditto B. } 
1607 
ft. in. 
3 5J 
H30-G 
£158-8 
M. s. 
1 15 
1 48 
3950 
3982 
cwu. qrs. lbs. 
3 2 5 
4 0 7 
37-52 
31-43 
1547700 
1866942 
26-68 
37-18 
58009 
50208 
2. Fowler . . 
1553 
3 10 
f 81 '62 
183-39 
1 0 
0 57 
3176 
2892 
3 1 24 
3 1 24 
23-55 
23-9 
777150 
749265 
18-06 
18-45 
43024 
40599 
3. Steevens . . 
1310 
2 10 
f 85-14 
186-24 
1 0 
1 0 
2660 
2431 
2 2 23 
2 2 23 
20-57 
19-05 
678810 
628650 
10- 87 
11- 02 
62419 
57150 
4. Coleman . . 
549 
3 10 
f 91-0 
\82-7 
1 0 
1 0 
4194 
4699 
3 1 17 
3 1 17 
34-7 
34-57 
1145100 
1140810 
19-67 
17-97 
58209 
63481 
5. J. A. Williams 
2037 
3 0 
79-4 
1 0 
3767 
3 0 17 
27-27 
899910 
12-51 
7193G 
N.B. The unit of power is the force generated by 1 lb. falling through the space of 
1 foot ; 1 horse-power is by definition a force which will lift 33,000 lbs. 1 foot high 
per 1 minute. 
Lot 1. — Messrs. Howard worked their 3-tined Cultivator, first with narrow 
shares, and afterwards with broad shares. The results arc lettered A and B 
in the preceding Table. The Cultivator consists of a ribbed wrought-iron frame, 
very strong, and is so arranged that the tines furnished with double points 
rock on the frame, so that as the points in work are depressed the hinder ones 
are slightly raised. The arrangements for altering the shares are not so simple 
as they might be, and caused a considerable delay. The narrow tines left a 
very uneven and ridgy bottom. The implement worked full 6 inches in the 
deepest parts, and the soil was moved at the rate of 857 tons per acre. The 
broad shares which cover all the ground left a more even bottom ; and though 
they worked at the same depth, a greater weight of soil was moved, equal to 
983 tons per acre. The width disturbed was in both cases 3 feet 5£ inches. 
Lot 2. — Fowler, working the 4-tined balance Cultivator, made some excellent 
work. This implement was submitted to a second trial, as an objection was 
raised to the first experiment. The bottom was decidedly the most even of 
all the trials ; the depth somewhat less than in Lot 1 ; 847 tons per acre were' 
moved. The width stirred was 3 feet 10 inches. The lighter draft of the 
balance Cultivator is partly accounted for by the fact that this implement clears 
its way by getting rid of the soil, throwing it on one side, whilst other Culti- 
vators cut their way through a dead mass of earth, which, as soon as dis- 
turbed, falls back, and checks the onward course of the implement. The 
surface was left in a good condition for after work. 
