Report on Steam Cultivation at Newcastle. 
413 
an observation taken in both directions. It will l>c seen that the draft was in 
each case greater when the implement was travelling from the engine. 
1 
Width i 
Draft 
Num- 
Distance 
run in 
Yards. 
Time 
occu- 
pied. 
in lbs. 
Horse- 
Kama 
ber in 
Cata- 
Cost. 
Descrip- 
tion. 
of Lands Draft 
liar- j iu IBs. 
per Foot in 
Width of 
power 
em- 
logue. 
rowed. I 
Land 
ployed. 
1 
harrowed. 
1. Kelsey . . . 
2. J. and F. Hownrd 
Ditto. 
3. J. and F. Howard 
Ditto. 
4. Fowler . . . 
Ditto .... 
5. Ashby . . . . 
£. s.t 
12 12< 
2440 
1C14 I 30 0- 
1613 22 
1354 
50 0 
Muwrfiar iTHd discontinued, owing to excessive draft 
ir I v ) caused u y imperfect traction adjustments. 
2033 20 0. 
Harrow 
Norwegian 
Harrow 
Drag 
Harrow 
Ditto 
Double 
Circular 
Harrow 
153 
| 1G5 
154 
ft. in. 
2 20} H799 
2 20/ 6 10 ilT44 
1551 10 o ! / 1593 
2 loJ | 1 1521' 
157* 2 51 .j - | C 1967 
162i j 2 5J " ' j (.1947 
1 Trial discontinued, owing to breakage from im- 
r perfect traction adjustment. 
263-3 
11-9 
255-2 
10-7 
158-8 
12-4 
152- 1 
9-8 
169-8 
13-5 
1CS-0 
13-8 
N.B. The last column shows the average horse-power required to work each 
implement. 
No. 1. — Kelscy's Harrows are an American invention, of some merit, though 
not seen to advantage on this occasion, because the imperfect adjustment of the 
draft caused the implement to bury itself in the soil, and act as a Cultivator 
rather than a harrow. We consider the arrangement of the tines simple and 
good. The implement consists of a strong wooden frame, forming 2 equilateral 
triangles, one placed within the other. The teeth are so arranged as to cut 
the ground alternately in either frame, at equal distances apart ; and it is 
evident that if it be properly balanced, nothing can escape the action of the 
teeth. It has never been tried before with steam-power. The inventor 
proposes to draw it backwards and forwards without turning : experience can 
alone decide whether this is practicable ; we think in foul land the imple- 
ment would clog up when the broad end of the triangle meets the soil. 
Should this be the case, an arrangement for turning might readily be intro- 
duced. 
No. 2. — Messrs. Howard worked their Norwegian Harrow, consisting of three 
rows of star-shaped discs, working between each other, and thus completely 
comminuting the surface. This implement acts as a combined harrow and 
presser, pulverizing the surface, and at the same time consolidating the under 
soil. Crossing the rather open furrows of a clover ley, this implement was in 
its right place. It requires, however, a dry surface, and land free from stones, 
and its value is rather exceptional than general. The trial was very suc- 
cessful. 
No. 3. — Messrs. Howard's Steam Harrows, made on the zigzag principle, 
and provided with a simple steerage and seat jbr the workman, are excellent 
implements for crossing fallows in the spring. The length of tines and 
weight of frame cause all these implements to work rather as Cultivators, 
cutting through the furrow, than as harrows proper. The width taken is so 
great that, iu order to break fresh ground at each turn, the harrow has to 
start forward a short distance, then retrace its steps, and thus get into its 
proper track ; practically we should double our work, and thus do away with 
this dodging backwards and forwards, and loss of time. Looking at the 
VOL. XXV. 2 G 
