Subsoiling Pastures, $c. 
511 
The implement which I use for the purpose is a scarifier, 6 ft. 
across the back beam, and 3 ft. across the front. It was origi- 
nally made for tines of 3 sizes, but for these I have substituted 
curved knife tines to be affixed to the cast-iron frame, at a dis- 
tance of 2^ ft. or 3 ft. apart. The knives are so curved that their 
point is 15 inches below, and 15 inches to the right or left of the 
head. The weight of the implement is from 4 cwts. to 5 cwts., 
and as 1 only use it at the end of October or beginning of 
November, when the ground (a tenacious soil on a clay subsoil) 
is soft and well saturated with rain, a pair of horses can draw it 
with case, and make 7 acres of good work in a day. I prefer 
working at a depth of 12 or 13 inches, but this can be regulated 
by raising or depressing the wheels, of which there are 2 pairs so 
placed as to keep the implement in true position. Taking the 
cost of horse-hire at 8s. per diem, and wages at 2s., the cost of 
the operation will average about Is. 2d. per acre. 
Alter the heavy autumnal rainfall the surface of the meadow 
should be brought to a level Avith the roller before the scarifier 
is used. 
WoodhiU, Ripley. 
2 n 2 
