On Breaking up Grass Lands. 
163 
tioned. Six acres of swedes were measured off, and the weight 
per acre ascertained to be not less than 25 tons ; 270 sheep were 
5 weeks and 2 days in eating them off, and had, besides the 
swedes, 1 lb. of oil-cake each per day, and as much cut chaff as 
they desired. Allowing 6c?. per head per week for the keep of 
the sheep, this gives 5s. per ton for the swedes. Similar experi- 
ments were tried in other places, being instituted as a check 
upon the former one, and by these we ascertained the value to be 
5s. Ad. per ton. 
It may be asked, why I have not made use of those results in 
my calculations of profits ? Because out of this amount have to 
be deducted shepherd's and turnip-cutter's wages, wear and tear 
of hurdles, expenses of storing, &c. The value of manure, which 
arises from the turnips being eaten off, is included in the after 
produce, the crop being estimated higher to meet this considera- 
tion. Something might be said on the increase of mutton whilst 
the sheep are on the turnips, which may appear to be overlooked. 
If there are those who think something ought to be added for 
mutton, lamb, and wool, to the profit shown bv me, it will in- 
crease that amount. By not valuing these things very high, I 
shall at all events have avoided the evil of putting too high an 
estimate on the root crops of the farm for home consumption. 
Estimate 1. — Down Land. 
£. s, d. 
Down land, or wolds, with a thin soil on calcareous rubble, limestone 
rock, or chalk. An acre of such land, in sheep pasture, may be worth 
9s. or lOi.. and will keep only three store sheep to two acres, winter and 
summer ; or produce pasturage which may be equivalent. The sheep at 
id. per bead per week, will give 26*., say . . . . .15 0 
£. s. d. 
Deduct rent, tithe-rent charge, and rates . . . . 0 13 6 
Labour per acre, repairing mounds, and wages for attending to 
the sheep 030 
Profit on capital, 21. 10«. ]ier acre, at 15 per cent. . .076 
1 4 0 
Extra profit over 15 per cent, on an acre of Aowa pasture . . .010 
Down land broken up, and the rent altered to 15s. per acre — five-field 
system: £_ , j_ 
1. Expenses of the turnip crop, per acre . . . . . 3 15 0 
[This should not be reckoned merely as the expense of breaking 
up and sowing the first year. It would not be sufficient 
for a turnip crop taken afterwards, which would require 
manure.] 
2. Expenses of the barley crop . . . . . . .290 
3. „ „ seed crop, mown . . . . . . 0 18 0 
4. „ „ „ fed 0 3 6 
5. „ „ wheat crop . . . . . . 2 13 0 
5) 9 18 6 
1 19 8 
M 2 
